week four

Question 1

State: situation “type”

Answer 1

Used to categorize the meaning of verbs ( that have no sense of endpoint or dynamicity, only duration )

Question 2

Stative: special use case

Answer 2

an action grammatically represented as being “habitual”, regularly occurring, unlimited in time using the simple aspect.

Question 3

Simple aspect + past

Answer 3

• Facts : situation regarded as a fact
  “he died in 1873”
• whole, complete situation : the past situation is being referred to in its entirety with no sense of progression
  “she left”

Question 4

Past as future

Answer 4

• the past can be used to refer to a future event in the past if it is predetermined, planned or scheduled

” she sais the train left at 12:15”

Question 5

“when” statements

Answer 5

when a statement in the past is a clause preceded by “when” - it uses the simple past

“when they left, it started raining”

Question 6

Simple aspect in the past

Answer 6

“when he arrived they watched TV”

indicates two separate actions in sequential order ( they all watched TV together )

Question 7

Progressive in the past

Answer 7

” When he arrived they were watching TV”

indicates an interruption of the progressive action via the non-progressive action, potential of change ( he joined them mid-way)

Question 8

Why is the progressive used in the past ?

Answer 8

• for ongoingness ( ex: he was working )
• for duration (ex: It was raining )
• even in the past it is based on the speaker’s perspective

Question 9

Simple aspect in past perfect

Answer 9

” when he arrived they had already watched the episode”

• indicates that the action is finished before the other action

Question 10

Progressive in the past perfect

Answer 10

“when he arrived they had already been watching the episode”

• the action was already in progress and then stopped