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Nutrition > Week One: Small Animal Nutrition > Flashcards

Week One: Small Animal Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What is nutrition?

A

Process of breaking down food and substances taken in by the mouth to use for energy in the body

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2
Q

What are health professionals who focus more specifically on the role of nutrition in chronic disease, including possible prevention or remediation by addressing drugs and nutritional deficiencies before resorting to surgery?

A

Clinical nutritionists

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3
Q

What does PCM stand for?

A

Protein calorie malnutrition

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4
Q

What does ad lib mean?

A

Same as free choice or self feeding devices

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5
Q

What does time restricted mean?

A

All the pet can consume in a measured amount of time

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6
Q

What does volume restricted mean?

A

Measure the meal before feeding

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7
Q

Is this a nutrient or ingredient?

Chicken meal

A

Ingredient

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8
Q

Is this a nutrient or ingredient?

Vitamin E

A

Nutrient

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9
Q

Is this a nutrient or ingredient?

Lysine

A

Nutrient

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10
Q

Is this a nutrient or ingredient?

Salt

A

Ingredient

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11
Q

What are the three nutrient categories?

A

Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids

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12
Q

What are proteins?

A

Complex polymers of 22 amino acid units

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13
Q

What are carbohydrates?

A

Complex polymers of several different sugar units

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14
Q

What are lipids?

A

Complex polymers of fatty acid units

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15
Q

What is an essential amino acid?

A

Amino acids liver cannot produce

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16
Q

What is a nonessential amino acid?

A

Amino acids liver can produce them

17
Q

What is the goal of protein digestion?

A

Present small peptides and free amino acids to the to the brush border of the SI mucosa for absorption

18
Q

What is absorption?

A

AA’s transported across bowel via active transport

19
Q

What is quantity?

A

Measured content of nitrogen

20
Q

What is quality?

A

Depends on the distribution profile of essential vs. non essential amino acids

21
Q

What is biologic value?

A

Scoring of EAA content

22
Q

What does a higher BV number mean?

A

Fewer “holes and gaps” in essential amino acids

Better for you

23
Q

What is a net nitrogen balance?

A

Differences between amount consumed and the amount lost

24
Q

What is the normal state of a net NB of a healthy animal?

A

0

25
Q

What is positive NB?

A

Growth, rebuilding or replenishing

26
Q

What is negative NB?

A

No protein intake or loss of tissue

27
Q

What is clinical relevance?

A

Cachexia is tissue wasting and is associated with an extreme negative nitrogen balance

28
Q

What is the difference between a fat and an oil?

A

Fats are solid at room temperature and oils are liquid at room temperature

29
Q

Unsaturated fats have what type of bond?

A

Single bond between carbon and carbon

30
Q

Poly unsaturated fats have what type of bond?

A

Multiple double bonds between carbon and carbon

31
Q

Mono unsaturated fats have what type of bond?

A

Just one double bond between carbon and carbon

32
Q

What are the three dietary monosaccharides (simple sugars)?

A

Glucose, fructose, and galactose

33
Q

What is glucose?

A

Blood sugar

34
Q

How many known essential minerals are there for mammals?

A

18

35
Q

What’s the difference between water soluble and fat soluble vitamins?

A

Water soluble: filtered by the kidney and the excess is urinated out
Fat soluble: Can lead to toxicity

36
Q

What are the macrominerals?

A 
Sodium
Potassium
Calcium
Chloride
Phosphorus
Magnesium
37
Q

What is a formulation?

A

Combining ingredients to achieve desired characteristics of a final, finished product
(What went into formula)

38
Q

What is a nutrient profile?

A

The presence and amounts of nutrients in a finished formula

What’s there and how much of it

Nutrition (8 decks)

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