Week one Psychological Assessment (HON403)-Introduction to psychological testing Flashcards
Definitions
What are psychological constructs?
Psychological constructs are abstract concepts inferred from observable behaviors.
What is the primary difference between testing and assessment in psychology?
Testing uses standardized instruments to measure psychological constructs, while assessment is a broader process involving tests, interviews, and observations.
Who pioneered statistical methods to measure human traits?
Francis Galton
Which psychologist developed the first intelligence scale?
Alfred Binet
What is the name of the intelligence scale created by Lewis Terman?
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Who developed the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale?
David Wechsler
List the clinical importance of psychological testing.
- Diagnose disorders
- Guide treatment
What are the educational purposes of psychological testing?
- Placement
- Identification of learning disabilities
How is psychological testing used in vocational settings?
To inform employment decisions
What role does psychological testing play in research?
To measure psychological traits and test hypotheses
What are the steps involved in psychological test construction?
- Define the construct
- Develop items
- Pilot testing
- Standardization
What does standardization ensure in psychological testing?
Consistent administration and interpretation of results
Define reliability in the context of psychological testing.
Consistency of test results
What are the types of reliability in psychological tests?
- Test-Retest
- Internal Consistency
- Inter-Rater
Define validity in psychological testing.
Accuracy in measuring what the test intends to measure
What are the types of validity in psychological tests?
- Content
- Criterion-Related
- Construct
What are norms in the context of psychological testing?
Reference points for interpreting test scores
What is informed consent in psychological testing?
Clients must understand the purpose of the test
What does confidentiality mean in psychological testing?
Test results must be kept private
What is the importance of cultural sensitivity in psychological testing?
Ensure tests are appropriate across diverse populations
What are cognitive ability tests designed to measure?
Intelligence
Give an example of a cognitive ability test.
Stanford-Binet
What do personality tests assess?
Personality traits
Provide an example of a personality test.
MMPI
What do neuropsychological tests measure?
Brain function
What do achievement and aptitude tests assess?
Knowledge and potential
What is operationalisation in psychological measurement?
Operationalisation is defining how to measure abstract constructs (e.g., anxiety through self-reports or physiological measures).
What is a Nominal Scale?
A Nominal Scale uses categories with no inherent order
What is an Ordinal Scale?
An Ordinal Scale ranks categories without consistent intervals.
What is an Interval Scale?
An Interval Scale has equal intervals but no true zero
What is a Ratio Scale?
A Ratio Scale has equal intervals with a true zero
What is Test-Retest Reliability?
Test-Retest Reliability measures consistency over time.
What is Inter-Rater Reliability?
Inter-Rater Reliability assesses agreement between different raters
What is Internal Consistency
Internal Consistency measures the consistency of items within the test.
What is Parallel-Forms Reliability?
Parallel-Forms Reliability checks consistency between different versions of the test.
What is Split-Half Reliability?
Split-Half Reliability measures consistency between halves of the test.
What is Criterion-Related Validity?
Criterion-Related Validity assesses whether the test predicts or correlates with other measures.
What is Construct Validity?
Construct Validity ensures the test accurately measures the theoretical construct.
What is Face Validity?
ace Validity refers to whether the test appears to measure what it claims at face value.
What is Standardization in testing?
Standardization ensures consistent procedures for administering and scoring tests.
What are Percentiles in testing?
Percentiles express scores in relation to norms, representing the percentage of people scoring below a given score.
What are the steps in test development?
Steps include defining the construct, designing items, standardizing the test, analyzing reliability and validity, and creating norms.
