Week One

Question 1

which is larger, prokaryotic or eukaryotic ribosomes?

Answer 1

eukaryotic

Question 2

main component of the cell wall in bacteria

Answer 2

peptidoglycan

Question 3

two subunits that repeat in the cell wall

Answer 3

NAM (n-acetylmuramic acid) and NAG (n-acetylglucosamine)

Question 4

cross-linked peptides are formed by _______, linking NAG and NAM

Answer 4

transpeptidases

Question 5

____ ____-______ add strength to the cell wall

Answer 5

peptide cross-linkers

Question 6

gram positive have ___ phospholipid bilayer

Answer 6

one

Question 7

which travel through the thick layer of gram positive cell wall, teichoic or lipoteichoic acids?

Answer 7

lipoteichoic acid

Question 8

gram negative bacteria have an ___ and ____ layer of phospholipids

Answer 8

inner, outer

Question 9

space between inner and outer layer of phospholipid bilayer

Answer 9

periplasm

Question 10

_____ attach to the outer membrane

Answer 10

LPS (lipopolysaccharide)

Question 11

where is the peptidoglycan in gram negative bacteria?

Answer 11

in the periplasm

Question 12

lipid portion of LPS is also called ____

Answer 12

endotoxin

Question 13

do gram negative cells have LPS?

Answer 13

yes

Question 14

do gram negative cells have teichoic acids?

Answer 14

no

Question 15

gram negative stain…

Answer 15

red

Question 16

gram positive stain…

Answer 16

blue/purple

Question 17

staining: gram negative thin walls allows CV-I to ____, making the appearance ___ before the counterstain

Answer 17

leave, clear

Question 18

gram positive thick walls ____ CV-I, making appearance ___.

Answer 18

still blue

Question 19

function of capsule

Answer 19

protect against phagocytosis

Question 20

function of pilus/fimbria

Answer 20

mediates attachment to cell surfaces OR conjugation in sex pilus (moves DNA from donor to receipient)

Question 21

function flagella

Answer 21

motion

Question 22

function of spore

Answer 22

provides resistance to dehydration, heat, chemicals

Question 23

function of plasmid

Answer 23

contain a variety of genes for antibiotic resistance and toxins

Question 24

function of granule

Answer 24

site of nutrients in cytoplasm

Question 25

function of glycocalyx

Answer 25

mediates adherence to surface

Question 26

phases of bacterial growth rate

Answer 26

• lag
• exponential
• stationary
• decline/cell death

Question 27

do bacteria need a sex partner to replicate, or do they divide autonomously?

Answer 27

autonomously

Question 28

round bacteria are widely named…

Answer 28

cocci

Question 29

rod bacteria are widely named…

Answer 29

bacilli

Question 30

bacteria reproduce in this type of process…

Answer 30

binary fission

Question 31

binary fission results in ____ growth

Answer 31

logarithmic