Week 7: Spirochetes to Mycobacterium

Question 1

rickettsiacaea

Answer 1

gram negative, pleiomorphic, non-sporulating

Question 2

how are rickettsiacaea transmitted?

Answer 2

zoonotic (by lice, fleas, ticks)

Question 3

what does rickettsiacaea cause?

Answer 3

rocky mountain spotted fever, typhus

Question 4

what specific bacteria causes rocky mountain spotted fever?

Answer 4

rickettsia richettsii (transmitted by hard ticks, especially dermacentor)

Question 5

what does rickettsia richettsii do?

Answer 5

infect endothelial cells that line BV

Question 6

90% of rickettsia richettsii present with…

Answer 6

a rash

Question 7

what bacteria causes typhus?

Answer 7

rickettsia typhi

Question 8

what is rickettsia typhi spread by?

Answer 8

fleas (infected feces) but also domestic cats and opossum

Question 9

bacteria that causes lyme disease

Answer 9

borrelia burgdorferi

Question 10

lyme disease caused by…

Answer 10

deer tick and western black-legged tick

Question 11

most antibiotic to treat lyme disease for adults, children

Answer 11

adults = doxycycline
children = amoxicillin

Question 12

how long is the antibiotic course for lyme disease?

Answer 12

21 days

Question 13

what bacteria causes cholera?

Answer 13

vibrio cholera

Question 14

what causes peptic ulcers?

Answer 14

H. pylori

Question 15

H. pylori is a ____

Answer 15

helicobacter

Question 16

what causes pontiac fever, legionnaires’ disease?

Answer 16

legionella pneumophilia

Question 17

tiny, pleomorphic bacteria that doesn’t have a cell wall

Answer 17

mycoplasma

Question 18

what does mycoplasma cause?

Answer 18

atypical pneumonia

Question 19

clostridia characteristics

Answer 19

• gram positive
• anaerobic
• sporulating rods
• normally found in soil
• noted for production of toxins/ability form spores

Question 20

what causes gastroenteritis?

Answer 20

clostridium perfringens

Question 21

in addition to gastroenteritis, clostridium perfringens can also cause

Answer 21

necrotizing infections and gas gangrene

Question 22

bacteria that is common in soil, seven types of toxins

Answer 22

clostridium botulinum

Question 23

what is the most toxic toxin in clostridium botulinum?

Answer 23

alpha type (blocks acetylcholine release leading to flaccid paralysis)

Question 24

sources/percentages of clostridium botulinum

Answer 24

15% foodborne
20% wound botulism
65% infant botulism

Question 25

what causes tetanus/"lock jaw"?

Answer 25

clostridium tetani

Question 26

what bacteria causes PMC, toxic megacolon, perforations of the colon, sepsis

Answer 26

clostridium difficile

Question 27

what is the bacteria that causes tuberculosis

Answer 27

mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 28

mycobacterium tuberculosis does not take up ____ because of _____ in cell

Answer 28

gram stain (acid fast), mycolic aicd

Question 29

acid fast staining is also called...

Answer 29

ziehl-neelsen stain

Question 30

acid fast staining are used to determine ______ bacteria from _____ bacteria

Answer 30

acid fast; non-acid fast

Question 31

acid fast bacteria has _____ in their cell wall

Answer 31

mycolic acid

Question 32

acid fast bacteria stain ____; non acid fast bacteria stain ___

Answer 32

red; green/blue

Question 33

test for TB using a...

Answer 33

Mantoux test

Question 34

how long is the course for TB?

Answer 34

months with multiple different antibiotics

Question 35

gram positive, chain forming cocci

Answer 35

streptococci

Question 36

hemolytic classification gamma = _____ alpha = _____ beta = ___

Answer 36

``` gamma = no hemolysis alpha = partial hemolysis w/ narrow clearance beta = complete hemolysis w/ wide clearance ```

Question 37

what does streptococcus pneumoniae cause in adults? children?

Answer 37

- adults = pneumonia, meningitis | - children = otitis media, sinusitis (ear infection, sinus infection)

Question 38

what bacteria causes non-invasive strep throat, impetigo

Answer 38

streptococcus pyogenes

Question 39

streptococcus pneumoniae is _____

Answer 39

alpha hemolytic

Question 40

streptococcus agalactiae is ____

Answer 40

beta hemolytic

Question 41

streptococcus agalactiae causes... neonates = adults = pregnancy =

Answer 41

``` neonates = pneumonia, meningitis, sepsis adults = soft tissue infection, sepsis pregnancy = stillbirths, UTIs, amnionitis, sepsis ```

Question 42

what causes boils, abscesses, conjunctivitis, food poisoning, TSS?

Answer 42

staphylococcus aureus

Question 43

what can cause wound and catheter infections?

Answer 43

staphylococcus epidermidis

Question 44

streptococcus pyogenes is ______

Answer 44

beta-hemolytic

Question 45

what causes listeriosis?

Answer 45

listeria monocytogenes

Question 46

what bacteria causes anthrax?

Answer 46

bacillus anthracis

Question 47

bacillus anthracis can cause ____ diseases

Answer 47

3 different

Question 48

types of anthrax

Answer 48

cutaneous, intestinal, inhalation