Week 3: Gene Exchange and Transfer

Question 1

any heritable change in genome sequence

Answer 1

mutations

Question 2

mutations refers both to the ___ and ____ by which genome sequence occurs

Answer 2

change, process

Question 3

mutations can be ___ or ____

Answer 3

spontaneous, induced

Question 4

base substitution types

Answer 4

AA change, nonsense, silent

Question 5

frameshift mutation types

Answer 5

deletion, insertion

Question 6

nonsense mutations create a…

Answer 6

stop codon

Question 7

silent mutations do not…

Answer 7

change AA that is produced

Question 8

does nonhomologous recombination require matching DNA sequences?

Answer 8

no

Question 9

true/false, nonhomologous recombination does not add new DNA pieces

Answer 9

false, new DNA pieces are added

Question 10

transformation

• uptake of _______ by recipient cell
• ____ process
• requires _____ _____
• usually ____ amount of DNA

Answer 10

• naked DNA fragment
• active
• competence machinery
• small

Question 11

transformation, transduction is a type of ____ gene transfer

Answer 11

horizontal

Question 12

transduction

• mediated by ____ ___ (_____)
• two kinds: ____ and _____
• amount = ___ than transduction

Answer 12

• bacterial virus (bacteriophage)
• generalized, specialized
• more than

Question 13

two phases/lifestyles of transduction

Answer 13

lytic, lysogeny

Question 14

lytic phase pairs with

Answer 14

generalized transduction

Question 15

lysogeny phase pairs with

Answer 15

specialized transduction

Question 16

life cycle of bacteriophage that ends in lysis of bacterial host cell and release of viral progeny

Answer 16

lytic phase

Question 17

alternate life cycle of some bacteriophages where the viral genome is integrated into bacterial chromosome

Answer 17

lysogeny phase

Question 18

the bacteriophage when it is integrated into the host’s chromosome

Answer 18

prophage

Question 19

protein toxins due to prophage examples

Answer 19

cholera, botulism, diphtheria, pyrogenic toxin

Question 20

conjugation is mediated by _____

Answer 20

plasmids

Question 21

3 components of conjugation

Answer 21

• plasmid mediated
• involves physical contact between cells
• can involve large amounts of genetic inflammation

Question 22

extra-chromosomal genetic material (separate from their chromosomes)

Answer 22

plasmid

Question 23

term that describes “can be replicated independently of chromosome”

Answer 23

replicon

Question 24

connection piece between donor and recipient cell in conjugation

Answer 24

pilus