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Host and Defense > Week one > Flashcards

Week one Flashcards

1
Q

What is mycology

A

Yeasts and molds

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2
Q

Yeasts

A

single cell
divide by budding
Creamy, mucoid
Facultative anaerobes

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3
Q

Molds

A

multicellular
Grow filaments( hyphae) Mycelium
Fuzzy, velvety
Obligate aerobes

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4
Q

Pseudohyphae

A

Chains of daughter cells

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5
Q

Anamorph

A

Asexual reproduction

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6
Q

Teleomorph

A

Sexual state

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7
Q

Virus layers from inside to the outsid

A

core, capsid, tegument, envelope

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8
Q

Tropism

A

The capacity to infect a specific cell.

Determined primarily by receptor availability and specificity.

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9
Q

Portals of entry

A 
Respiratory tract
saliva
Genital tract
Oral
Blood borne
Vertical
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10
Q

Respiratory

A 
Influenza
Rhinovirus
Coronavirus; SARS and MERS
Rubella
Mumps
Varicella-zoster virus
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11
Q

Saliva

A

EBV:
KSHV
Rabies: has to penetrate skin

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12
Q

Skin acquired

A

Arboviruses
HPV(warts)
Rabies
HSV

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13
Q

Gastrointestinal acquired

A 
Rotavirus
Poliovirus
Hep A
Other enteroviruses
Norwalk virus (cruise ships)
They are all naked viruses,
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14
Q

Sexual transmission

A

HPV
HSV
HIV

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15
Q

Mutualistic symbiosis

A

Host receives goods and or services

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16
Q

Commensalism

A

Bacteria may benefit

17
Q

Colonization resistance

A

Microbiota inhibits colonization by newcomers

18
Q

Binary fission

A

Bacteria replication

19
Q

Gram +

A

Peptidoglycan and Teichoic acid, multiple thick layers

20
Q

Gram -

A

O antigen, Lipid A

21
Q

Mycoplasma

A

Have no cell wall, incorporate sterols to compensate

22
Q

Catalase

A

Breaks down oxygen peroxide

23
Q

Peroxidase

A

Breaks down oxygen peroxide

24
Q

Obligate aerobes

A

Just like us, they use glycolysis, TCA cycle and ETC

25
Q

Facultative anaerobes

A

These bacteria are aerobic. But they can grow in the absence of oxygen by using fermentation for energy.

26
Q

Obligate anaerobes

A

Hate oxygen and have no enzymes to defend against it.

27
Q

Obligate intracellular organisms

A

Not capable of ATP synthesis, must steal ATP from host

28
Q

Virulence

A

Degree of organism pathogenicity.

Dependent on presence of certain cell structures, bacterial exotoxins and endotoxins.

29
Q

Basal body

A

attaches flagellum to bacteria.
Spans through the entire cell wall.
Spins around and spins the flagellum.

30
Q

Chemotaxis

A

Bacteria movement towards or away from gradient.

31
Q

Peritrichous flagella

A

All around the cell

32
Q

Adhesins

A

Pili that serve as adherence factors

33
Q

Capsules

A

Protective walls that surround the cell membranes of gram pos and neg bacteria.
Macrophages and neutrophils are unable to phagocytize them.

34
Q

Opsonization

A

Process of antibodies binding to a bacterial capsule.

35
Q

Endospores

A

Metabolically dormant forms of bacteria. Resistant to heat, cold, drying and chemical agents.

Host and Defense (6 decks)

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