Week one

Question 1

What is mycology

Answer 1

Yeasts and molds

Question 2

Yeasts

Answer 2

single cell
divide by budding
Creamy, mucoid
Facultative anaerobes

Question 3

Molds

Answer 3

multicellular
Grow filaments( hyphae) Mycelium
Fuzzy, velvety
Obligate aerobes

Question 4

Pseudohyphae

Answer 4

Chains of daughter cells

Question 5

Anamorph

Answer 5

Asexual reproduction

Question 6

Teleomorph

Answer 6

Sexual state

Question 7

Virus layers from inside to the outsid

Answer 7

core, capsid, tegument, envelope

Question 8

Tropism

Answer 8

The capacity to infect a specific cell.

Determined primarily by receptor availability and specificity.

Question 9

Portals of entry

Answer 9

Respiratory tract
saliva
Genital tract
Oral
Blood borne
Vertical

Question 10

Respiratory

Answer 10

Influenza
Rhinovirus
Coronavirus; SARS and MERS
Rubella
Mumps
Varicella-zoster virus

Question 11

Saliva

Answer 11

EBV:
KSHV
Rabies: has to penetrate skin

Question 12

Skin acquired

Answer 12

Arboviruses
HPV(warts)
Rabies
HSV

Question 13

Gastrointestinal acquired

Answer 13

Rotavirus
Poliovirus
Hep A
Other enteroviruses
Norwalk virus (cruise ships)
They are all naked viruses,

Question 14

Sexual transmission

Answer 14

HPV
HSV
HIV

Question 15

Mutualistic symbiosis

Answer 15

Host receives goods and or services

Question 16

Commensalism

Answer 16

Bacteria may benefit

Question 17

Colonization resistance

Answer 17

Microbiota inhibits colonization by newcomers

Question 18

Binary fission

Answer 18

Bacteria replication

Question 19

Gram +

Answer 19

Peptidoglycan and Teichoic acid, multiple thick layers

Question 20

Gram -

Answer 20

O antigen, Lipid A

Question 21

Mycoplasma

Answer 21

Have no cell wall, incorporate sterols to compensate

Question 22

Catalase

Answer 22

Breaks down oxygen peroxide

Question 23

Peroxidase

Answer 23

Breaks down oxygen peroxide

Question 24

Obligate aerobes

Answer 24

Just like us, they use glycolysis, TCA cycle and ETC

Question 25

Facultative anaerobes

Answer 25

These bacteria are aerobic. But they can grow in the absence of oxygen by using fermentation for energy.

Question 26

Obligate anaerobes

Answer 26

Hate oxygen and have no enzymes to defend against it.

Question 27

Obligate intracellular organisms

Answer 27

Not capable of ATP synthesis, must steal ATP from host

Question 28

Virulence

Answer 28

Degree of organism pathogenicity.

Dependent on presence of certain cell structures, bacterial exotoxins and endotoxins.

Question 29

Basal body

Answer 29

attaches flagellum to bacteria.
Spans through the entire cell wall.
Spins around and spins the flagellum.

Question 30

Chemotaxis

Answer 30

Bacteria movement towards or away from gradient.

Question 31

Peritrichous flagella

Answer 31

All around the cell

Question 32

Adhesins

Answer 32

Pili that serve as adherence factors

Question 33

Capsules

Answer 33

Protective walls that surround the cell membranes of gram pos and neg bacteria.
Macrophages and neutrophils are unable to phagocytize them.

Question 34

Opsonization

Answer 34

Process of antibodies binding to a bacterial capsule.

Question 35

Endospores

Answer 35

Metabolically dormant forms of bacteria. Resistant to heat, cold, drying and chemical agents.