week four study tips Flashcards
what does it mean to be an essential amino acid? what happens if we don’t consume an essential amino acid for long periods of times? how can we assure we will get enough essential amino acids do we need to take supplement? does diet supply our needs easily?
essential amino acids cannot be synthesized by humans in sufficient amounts or at all and must be included in the diet.
fill in the blanks:
- DNA contains the information necessary to produce _________
- transcription or copying of a segment of DNA results in _________, a _________ of the information in DNA needed to make a protein
- the mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes to a _________
- _________ _________, the building blocks of proteins, are carried to the ribosome by tRNAs containing the code that matches that on the mRNA
- in the process of translation, the information contained in the mRNA is used to determined the number, types, and _________ of amino acids in the protein.
- proteins
- mRNA; copy
- ribosome
- amino acids
- arrangement
why is the order of amino acids important?
the order determines a protein’s ultimate shape, and the shape determines its function in the body
*how do high quality proteins differ from low-quality proteins? what sources are typically high quality? low quality?
hq proteins contain ample amounts of all nine essential amino acids and are considered complete; lq ones are low in or lack one or more essential amino acids
what is the function of proteins in the body?
- Building blocks of body components
- Fluid balance maintenance
- Acid/base balance (contribute to)
- Building blocks of hormones and enzymes
- Immune function
- Forming glucose
- Energy yielding (non-preferred source)
- Contributing to satiety
what is the RDA for protein? how can you calculate the RDA for someone based on weight?
.8g of protein per kg of healthy body weight
what is denaturation of a protein? when and where does it occur and why?
denaturation is when a protein’s 3D structure is altered due to heat treatment, enzymes, acid, alkaline solutions, or some other agitation.
what makes a protein high quality or complete?
*
how do we store proteins? can we store them in unlimited quantities?
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what happens to excess dietary protein that we do not need?
excess dietary protein cannot be stored as protein and must therefore be stored as fat
what is nitrogen balance? what would implicate positive or negative balance?
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what is a limiting amino acid? what happens if you do not get enough an essential amino acid?
*
what are complementary proteins? what group of people would need to focus more on these?
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how does kwashiorkor differ from marasmus?
kwashiorkor is characterized by edema, mild to moderate weight loss, some maintenance of muscle and subcutaneous fat, growth impairment, and a fatty liver. it has a rapid onset. marasmus is characterized by severe weight lost, wasting of muscle and body fat, and it develops gradually. the two forms of malnutrition share a severe impairment of growth.
what are some concerns with a vegetarian or vegan diet?
vegetarian diets are primarily a concern for infants and children. with vegans, there are nutrient deficiency concerns: vitamin b12, iron, zinc, calcium, omega3 fatty acids
