Week Five Flashcards
Describe the Aerobic & Anaerobic Exercise Systems
-Food is the main source of energy for the body
-Fuel from food is required to provide energy for:
o Basal Metabolic Rate: the amount of energy required to maintain the most basic bodily processes and
o Physical activity and exercise performance
-Energy may be produced under two conditions:
-Aerobic = “with oxygen”
o Aerobic (oxidative) Metabolism = energy is made available when there is enough O2 present
-Anaerobic = “without oxygen”
o Anaerobic Metabolism = energy is made available without O2
What is maximal Aerobic Capacity/Power and what is the measure you use?
-Terminology: Maximal aerobic capacity / aerobic power / maximal oxygen uptake / VO2max
-Maximal Aerobic Capacity: one’s maximum capacity to generate ATP aerobically
-VO2max is the measure we use to quantify this
o = a measure of one’s fitness
What does exercise place on the body, what does aerobic capacity represent and what couples up?
-Exercise places an increased demand on the body’s systems
-Close coupling of CV and pulmonary systems function
o Delivery of O2 and nutrients to skeletal muscle
o Removal of metabolic by-products
-Aerobic capacity represents the functional capabilities of the lungs, heart, blood, blood vessels and skeletal muscles.
How do you test maximal aerobic capacity, what is the purpose and what does it provide?
- Purpose: Maximal aerobic power tests evaluate the capacity of the bodies systems to facilitate oxidative metabolism
- O2 consumption reflects ATP produced by the aerobic energy system
- VO2max test is the gold standard for measuring aerobic capacity
- Provides the simultaneous evaluation of the CV and respiratory system
- Typically done under laboratory conditions
What are the general rules of VO2 max protocol?
-Graded Exercise Test (GXT)
-General Rules;
o Consists of blocks of time ≤ 5 min
o Intensity increases with each block
o Continuous vs. non-continuous
-1 min break between blocks
-Assists with taking physiological measures
o ~ 20 min in duration
-Prior knowledge of athletes max running speed can assist with setting the speeds
-Participant voluntary terminates the test when they can no longer continue
What is the mode of test in VO2 max tests?
- VO2max tests should replicate the movement patterns and physiological demands of the sport the individual participates in
- Portable machines allow VO2max to be calculated in the field increasing the validity of the result
- Recall validity = the degree that the test is measuring what it is supposed to measure
- Brand e.g. COSMED
What are the pros and cons of a treadmill exercise?
-Pros o Walking/running are more natural o Large muscle groups o Higher VO2max -Cons o Less safe o Expensive o Large space
What are the pros and cons to a bike exercise?
-Pros o Less expensive o Occupies less space o Less intimidating o Less artefact -Cons o Leg fatigue o Lower VO2max
What can variations reflect?
-Variations can reflect differences in quantity of muscle mass
-For the general population:
o Cycle ergometer underestimates VO2max on treadmill by ~10%
What are the norms for ml.kg.min-1 and describe it?
-Active Individuals can range between:
o Males = 44-50 ml.kg.min-1
o Females = 38-42 ml.kg.min-1
-The values are often reported in ml.kg.min-1 as opposed to L.min-1 to account for differences between individuals body mass
o Person A = 6 L.min-1 ; body mass = 90 kg
o Person B = 5.5 L.min-1 ; body mass = 70 kg
-To convert to ml.kg.min-1 = L.min-1 x 1000 / BM (kg)
o Person A = 6 L.min-1 x 1000 / 90kg = 67 ml.kg.min-1
o Person B = 5.5 L.min-1 x 1000 / 70 kg = 79 ml.kg.min-1
How do you make something relative and what is absolute and relative?
-This equation comes up all the time please remember!
-Absolute = raw amount
-Relative = accounting (making it relative) for body weight
o X / body mass
-Start identifying units of measurement (be accurate)
o E.g. heart rate = bpm
o Weight = kg
o Height = cm and/or m
What factors influence VO2 max?
Age Nutrition Environment Health Status Maturation Genetics Motor Skills Training adaptation and regime
What are the strengths and limitations in VO2 max evaluation?
Strengths -Accuracy (not an estimation) -Provides comprehensive CV and respiratory assessment Limitations -Cost ~ $300 -Technical expertise required -Reduced ability to monitor patients’ symptoms -Patient discomfort and apprehension
What is the shuttle test?
-Consider the general principles of conducting a maximal aerobic test
o Similar to the setup of the shuttle test
-20 m shuttle course
-Blocks of time that increase intensity
-Auditory cues set the pace
-Terminated when exhausted
What are the strengths and limitations in the shuttle test?
Strengths
-Cheap and easy to perform
-Large numbers of participants can be tested
-Externally paced
Limitations
-Only provides an evaluation of global functional ability
-In test monitoring is difficult (as with most field tests)
