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1022 ANATOMY > Week 9 Wrist and extensors (posterior compartment of the forearm) > Flashcards

Week 9 Wrist and extensors (posterior compartment of the forearm) Flashcards

1
Q

proximal carpal bones from lateral to medial

A
  • scaphoid: boat-shaped, largest bone in proximal row
  • lunate: moon-shaped, smooth convex palmar surface (larger than its dorsal surface)
  • triquetrum: pyramidal-shaped, circular articular surface on palmar surface
  • pisiform: pea-shaped, sesamoid bone

pisiform lies on the palmar surface of the triquetrum

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2
Q

deep fascia of forearm

A
  • antebrachial fasica
  • extensor & flexor compartment demarcated by the:
    1. subcutaneous border of ulna: proximally - posteriorly, distally - medially
    2. interosseous membrane: posteriorly
    3. medial edge of brachioradialis: laterally
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3
Q

joint classification of distal (inferior) radioulnar joint

A

synovial pivot joint

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4
Q

bones and articular surface of distal (inferior) radioulnar joint

A
  • head of ulna
  • ulnar notch
  • articular disc (TFCC)
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5
Q

fibrous capsule of distal (inferior) radioulnar joint

A

weak

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6
Q

synovial membrane of distal (inferior) radioulnar joint

A

sacciform recess

The sacciform recess is a thin extension of the articular capsule of the proximal radioulnar joint, under the anular ligament of radius.

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7
Q

ligaments of distal (inferior) radioulnar joint

A
  • anterior
  • posterior
  • interosseous membrane
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8
Q

movements of distal (inferior) radioulnar joint

A

pronation/ supination

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9
Q

joint classification of wrist (radiocarpal) joint

A

synovial condyloid joint

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10
Q

bone and articular surface of wrist (radiocarpal) joint

A
  • distal end of the radius (and the articular disc)
  • proximal surface of scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum
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11
Q

fibrous capsule of wrist (radiocarpal) joint

A

general attachment

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12
Q

synovial membrane of wrist (radiocarpal) joint

A

relatively lax (presents numerous folds)

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13
Q

ligaments of wrist (radiocarpal) joint

A
  • palmar radiocarpal
  • dorsal radiocarpal
  • palmar ulnaocarpal
  • radial collateral
  • ulnar collateral
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14
Q

special structures of wrist (radiocarpal) joint

A

triangular articular disc

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15
Q

nerve supply of wrist (radiocarpal) joint

A
  • anterior interosseous (median)
  • posterior interosseous (radial)
  • dorsal and deep branches (ulnar)
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16
Q

blood supply of wrist (radiocarpal) joint

A

dorsal and palmar carpal arches

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17
Q

movements of wrist (radiocarpal) joint

A
  • flexion/ extension
  • abduction/ adduction (radial/ ulnar deviation)
  • circumduction
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18
Q

muscles groups of wrist (radiocarpal) joint

A

wrist flexors/ extensors
wrist abductors/ adductors

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19
Q

proximal and distal attachment of anconeus

A

proximal:
lateral epicondyle of humerus

distal:
- lateral surface of olecranon
- superior part of posterior surface of ulna

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20
Q

innervation of anconeus

A

radial nerve

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21
Q

muscle action of anconeus

A
  • assists triceps in extending forearm
  • stabilises elbow joint
  • may abduct ulna during pronation
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22
Q

proximal and distal attachment of brachioradialis

A

proximal:
proximal 2/3 of lateral supra-epicondylar ridge of humerus

distal:
lateral surface of distal end of radius, proximal to styloid process

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23
Q

innervation of brachioradialis

A

radial nerve (C5, 6, 7)

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24
Q

main action of brachioradialis

A
  • relatively weak flexion of forearm
  • maximal when forearm is in midpronated position
25
Q

proximal and distal attachment of extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL)

A

proximal:
lateral supra-epicondylar ridge of humerus

distal:
dorsal aspect of base of 2nd metacarpal

26
Q

innervation of ECRL

A

radial nerve (C6, 7)

27
Q

main action of ECRL

A
  • extend and abduct hand at the wrist joint
  • ECRL active during fist clenching 握拳时活跃
28
Q

proximal and distal attachment of extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB)

A

proximal:
lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor origin)

distal:
dorsal aspect of base of 3rd metacarpal

29
Q

innervation of ECRB

A

deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8)

30
Q

main action of ECRB

A

extend and abduct hand at wrist joint

31
Q

proximal and distal attachment of extensor digitorum (ED)

A

proximal:
lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor origin)

distal:
extensor expansions of medial 4 digits

32
Q

innervation of extensor digitorum

A

deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8)

33
Q

main action of extensor digitorum

A

extends medial 4 digits primarily at MCP joints, secondarily at IP joints

34
Q

proximal and distal attachment of extensor digiti minimi (EDM)

A

proximal:
lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor origin)

distal:
extensor expansion of 5th digit

35
Q

innervation of EDM

A

deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8)

36
Q

main action of EDM

A

extends 5th digit primarily at MCP joint, secondarily at IP joint

37
Q

proximal and distal attachment of extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU)

A

proximal:
- lateral epicondyle of humerus
- posterior border of ulnar via a shared aponeurosis

distal:
dorsal aspect of base of 5th metacarpal

38
Q

innervation of ECU

A

deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8)

39
Q

main action of ECU

A

extends and adducts hand at wrist joint

opposite to ECRL, ECRB

40
Q

three muscles of common extensor origin

A

ECRB, ED, EDM

41
Q

proximal and distal attachment of supinator

A

proximal:
- lateral epicondyle of humerus
- radial collateral and anular ligaments
- supinator fossa
- crest of ulna

distal:
- lateral, posterior, and anterior surfaces of proximal third of radius

42
Q

innervation of supinator

A

deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8)

43
Q

main action of supinator

A
  • supinates forearm
  • rotates radius to turn palm anteriorly or superiorly (if elbow is flexed)
44
Q

proximal and distal attachment of abductor pollicis longus (APL)

A

proximal:
posterior surface of proximal halves of ulna, radius and interosseous membrane

distal:
base of 1st metacarpal

45
Q

innervation of APL

A

posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8), continuation of deep branch of radial nerve

46
Q

main action of APL

A

abducts thumb and extends it at CMC joint

47
Q

proximal and distal attachment of extensor pollicus longus (EPL)

A

proximal:
posterior surface of middle third of ulna and interosseous membrane

distal:
dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of thumb

48
Q

innervation of EPL

A

posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8), continuation of deep branch of radial nerve

49
Q

main action of EPL

A
  • extends distal phalanx of thumb at IP joint
  • extends MCP and CPC joint
50
Q

proximal and distal attachment of extensor pollicis brevis (EPB)

A

proximal:
posterior surface of distal third of radius and interosseous membrane

distal:
dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx of thumb

51
Q

innervation of EPB

A

posterior interosseous nerve (C7,C8), continuation of deep branch of radial nerve

52
Q

main action of EPB

A
  • extends proximal phalanx of thumb at MCP joint
  • extends CMC joint
53
Q

proximal and distal attachment of extensor indicis

A

proximal:
posterior surface of distal third of ulnar and interosseous membrane

distal:
extensor expansion of 2nd digit

54
Q

innervation of extensor indicis

A

posterior interosseous membrane (C7, C8), continuation of deep branch of radial nerve

55
Q

main action of extensor indicis

A
  • extends 2 digit (enabling its indepedent extension)
  • helps extend hand at wrist
56
Q

course and disribution of the radial nerve

dermatomes of the extensor compartment of the forearm:C7

A
  • cubital fossa: divides into superficial and deep branches
  • superficial branch - continues under brachioradialis
  • deep branch - pierces supinator
  • when emerges from supinator = posterior interosseous nerve (supply all deep extensor muscles, except supinator)

branches of the radia nerve in the extensor compartment of the forearm:
superficial: cutaneous
deep branch: posterior interosseous

57
Q

arteries of the posterior forearm

A

ulnar artery courses deep to pronator teres, gives off the common interosseous artery, divides in the cubital fossa – posterior interosseous artery

58
Q

superficial veins of the posterior forearm

A

cephalic, basilic vein

59
Q

borders, roof, floor and contents of anatomical snuff box

A

borders:
- laterally: tendon of APL, EPB
- medially: tendon of EPL

roof:
- skin
- superficial radial nerve
- cephalic vein

floor:
- scaphoid
- trapezium

contents:
- radial artery

1022 ANATOMY (10 decks)

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