Week 9 Wood Roof Systems Flashcards
What is a:
- Ridge
- Dormer
- gable
- rake
- shed
- eave
- soffit
- hip
- valley
- ridge is the horizontal line of intersection at the top between two sloping planes of a roof.
- dormers are projecting structures built out from a sloping roof and housing a vertical window or ventilating louver.
- Gable is the triangular portion of wall enclosing the end of a pitched roof from ridge to eaves.
- Rake- is the inclined, usually projecting edge of a sloping roof.
- Shed is a roof having a single slope.
- Eave is the overhanging lower edge of a roof
- soffit is the underside of an overhanging roof eave.
- hip is the inclined projecting angle formed by the junction of two adjacent, sloping side of a roof.
- valley is an intersection of two inclined roof surfaces toward which rainwater flows.
Gable roofs;
- Gable roofs slope downwards in ____ from a _____, to as to form a gable at each end.
- Ridge board is a ______ horizontal member to which the upper ends of the _____ are aligned and fastened
- Common rafters extend from a ______ to a _______ or ________ and support the sheathing covering of a roof.
- Collar ties unite two opposing rafters at a point below the ____, usually in the ________ of the rater length .
- The ties that resist the outward thrust of the rafters may be designed as _________ supporting only attic loads or as floor joists supporting habitable space.
- Ridge beam is ________ horizontal member supporting the upper ends of rafters at the ridge of a roof.
- Rafter ties between the exterior wall or beam supports are __________.
- Knee walls are ____ walls supporting rafters at some intermediate position along their _____.
- Gable roofs slope downwards in two parts from a central ridge, to as to form a gable at each end.
- Ridge board is a nonstructural horizontal member to which the upper ends of the rafters are aligned and fastened.
- Common rafters extend from a wall plate to a ridge board or ridge beam and support the sheathing covering of a roof.
- Collar ties unite two opposing rafters at a point below the ridge, usually in the upper third of the rater length.
- The ties that resist the outward thrust of the rafters may be designed as ceiling joists supporting only attic loads or as floor joists supporting habitable space.
- Ridge beam is structural horizontal member supporting the upper ends of rafters at the ridge of a roof.
- Rafter ties between the exterior wall or beam supports are not required.
- Knee walls are short walls supporting rafters at some intermediate position along their length.
Hip roofs
- Hip roofs have _________ and sides meeting at an inclined projecting angle
- Hip rafters form the ________ of the sloping sides of a hip roof
- Jack rafter is any rafter that is _____ than the full length of the roof slope, as one meeting a ____ or a ______.
- Hip jacks are jack rafters extending from a ______ to a ______.
- Valley jacks extend from a ______ to a _____.
- Valley rafters connect the ______ to the _______ along a _______.
- Hip roofs have sloping ends and sides meeting at an inclined projecting angle
- Hip rafters form the junction of the sloping sides of a hip roof
- Jack rafter is any rafter that is shorter than the full length of the roof slope, as one meeting a hip or a valley.
- Hip jacks are jack rafters extending from a wall plate to a hip rafter.
- Valley jacks extend from a valley rafter to a ridge.
- Valley rafters connect the ridge to the wall plate along a valley.
Gambrel Roofs
Gambrel roofs are divided on each side into a _________ above a _______ one.
Gambrel roofs are divided on each side into a shallower slope above a steeper one.
Flat roofs
Flat roofs are framed in manner similar to ________.
Lookout rafters support the ______.
Flat roofs are framed in manner similar to floor joist framing
Lookout rafters support the roof overhang
Light-gauge roof framing
Roofs and ceilings may be constructed with______________ in a manner similar to_______________ construction.
Light gauge steel joist sections serve as _____.
Roofs and ceilings may be constructed with light-gauge steel members in a manner similar to wood light-frame construction.
Light gauge steel joist sections serve as rafters.
- Roof structures framed with wood rafters are an essential subsystem of wood-light frame construction. The dimension lumber used for roof joists and rafters is easily _____ and can be quickly ________ on site with simple tools.
- Rake overhangs are constructed with ______ framed into a _________ and bearing n the top plate of the gable end wall.
- Barge or fly rafters are the ________ in part of a gable roof that _______ beyond the gable wall.
- Roof openings are framed in a manner similar to _________.
- Sloping rafters and flat roof joists are typically of ____________, but I-joists and laminated veneer lumber may also be used.
- Rafters and roof joists are typically spaced ___”, ____”, or ____” o.c. depending on the magnitude of roof loads and the spanning capability of the roof sheathing.
- Roof structures framed with wood rafters are an essential subsystem of wood-light frame construction. The dimension lumber used for roof joists and rafters is easily worked and can be quickly assembled on site with simple tools.
- Rake overhangs are constructed with lookouts framed into a double common rafter and bearing on the top plate of the gable end wall.
- Barge or fly rafters are the end rafters in part of a gable roof that projects beyond the gable wall.
- Roof openings are framed in a manner similar to floor joist openings
- Sloping rafters and flat roof joists are typically of solid-sawn 2x lumber, but I-joists and laminated veneer lumber may also be used.
- Rafters and roof joists are typically spaced 12”, 16”, or 24” o.c. depending on the magnitude of roof loads and the spanning capability of the roof sheathing.
Rafter span ranges: 2x6 can span up to \_\_\_' 2x8 can span up to \_\_\_' 2x10 can span \_\_\_' 2x12 can span up to \_\_\_\_\_'
Rafter span ranges: 2x6 can span up to 10' 2x8 can span up to 14' 2x10 can span 16' 2x12 can span up to 22'
Rafters may be oversized to accommodate the required __________ and ________ for ventilation and concealed roof spaces.
The susceptibility of wood light-framing to decay requires ________ to control condensation in enclosed roof spaces.
Rafters may be oversized to accommodate the required thermal insulation and provide space for ventilation and concealed roof spaces.
The susceptibility of wood light-framing to decay requires ventilation to control condensation in enclosed roof spaces.
Ridge board keeps rafters ______ during construction; 1x material minimum; 2x material is better.
Ridge board should be as deep as the ________ at the upper ends of the rafters.
Ventilation at the peak of a roof may be provided with a continuous ________ or by _______ vents in the gable end walls
Collar ties _______ of rafters together and help them resist _____ in high winds.
Rafters are framed ______ each other at the ridge board.
Ridge board keeps rafters aligned during construction; 1x material minimum; 2x material is better.
Ridge board should be as deep as the plumb cuts at the upper ends of the rafters.
Ventilation at the peak of a roof may be provided with a continuous ridge vent or by louvered vents in the gable end walls
Collar ties bind pairs of rafters together and help them resist uplift in high winds.
Rafters are framed opposite each other at the ridge board.
Bird’s mouth is a __________ notch out on the underside of a rafter to fit over a beam or the top plate of a stud wall frame.
Rafters may bear on the __________ of a stud wall or on a ________ when attic floor joists are supported by the stud wall.
Bird’s mouth is a right angled notch out on the underside of a rafter to fit over a beam or the top plate of a stud wall frame.
Rafters may bear on the double top plate of a stud wall or on a single plate when attic floor joists are supported by the stud wall.
A _________ extends the eave fascia and soffit around the corner and turns into the gable end wall.
______ is the broad, flat surface of the outer edge of a roof.
Rafter tails may extend and be cut in an _______ manner
A cornice return extends the eave fascia and soffit around the corner and turns into the gable end wall.
Fascia is the broad, flat surface of the outer edge of a roof.
Rafter tails may extend and be cut in an ornamental manner
Sheathing over wood or light-gauge metal rafters typically consists of ____________ or ___________ wood panels. The panels enhance the _________ of the rafter framing and provide a solid _____ for the application of various roofing materials.
Sheathing over wood or light-gauge metal rafters typically consists of APA- rated plywood or nonveneered wood panels. The panels enhance the stiffness of the rafter framing and provide a solid base for the application of various roofing materials.
For sheathing, edges may be supported with ______ , _______, or tongue and groove joints.
Stagger end joints; space joints _____” unless otherwise recommended by panel manufacturer
Soffit panels should be of exterior-grade plywood.
For sheathing, edges may be supported with panel clips, blocking, or tongue and groove joints.
Stagger end joints; space joints 1/8” unless otherwise recommended by panel manufacturer
Wood trussed rafters are ____________ and shop-fabricated monoplanar trusses. Because the individual members are subject primarily to ___________ and________ forces, they are typically ______s; 2x6s are sometimes used for the _______. Trussed rafters are best used when a rectangular plan requires a quantity of a single truss type and cleat spans over ____’.
Wood trussed rafters are pre-engineered and shop-fabricated monoplanar trusses. Because the individual members are subject primarily to compressive and tensile forces, they are typically 2x4s; 2x6s are sometimes used for the top chord. Trussed rafters are best used when a rectangular plan requires a quantity of a single truss type and cleat spans over 18’.
