Week 4 Architectural Design Process Flashcards
What are the (6) phases in the Architectural design process?
- Pre- Contract meetings with Client Phase (Pre-Design
- Schematic Phase
- Design Development Phase
- Construction Documents (CDs) Phase
- Bidding and Negotiation Phase
- Contract Administration Phase
What is included in the Pre-Contract Meetings with Client Phase?
a. Define Project
b. Discussion of scope, theme, scale
c. Budget, financial
d. Time frame
e. Scheduling
f. Selection of consultants, if required by scope
1. Soil analysis
2. Structural engineer (Foundation, Framing)
3. Civil engineer (Site Design, septic, sewer, drainage)
4. M/E/P engineer (Mechanical, electrical, plumbing)
5. Specialty consultants/contractors
What is included in the Schematic Design Phase?
a. Spatial Requirements - Sizes, locations, and sq. ft.
b. Preparation of initial sketches- “massing,” hand-drawn, 3D computer model (i.e., Sketchup), study models
c. Close contact with client - interaction and iterations
d. Research of Specific requirements - site, zoning, building codes
What is included in the Design Development Phase?
a. Begins upon client’s satisfaction with schematic design.
b. Fine-tuning of architectural layout
c. Incorporation of other requirements:
i. Site constraints - grading, paving, utilities, vegetation
ii. Structural framing schemes
iii. M/E/P systems
iv. Location and types of doors, windows
d. Preparation of dimensioned plans, elevations, sections
e. Outline of material specifications, special construction.
f. Drawings may be used to apply for funding, building loans
g. Drawings may be used for presentation to local Planning or Zoning Boards for approvals - often formal meetings
h. Typically this phase accounts for approximately 30-40% of the total architectural fees.
What is included in Construction Documents phase?
a. Final fine-tuning of drawings created during the Design Development phase.
b. Preparation of all fully- detailed drawings and specifications.
c. Collaboration with consultants to produce uniformity in the CDs.
d. Increasing industry usage of Building Information Modeling (BIM) to be shared with all consultants - i.e. Autodesk “Revit” Software
e. If the design is not fully complete and time frames are specified, partial “progress CDs” are issued, example 50% progress, 75% Progress.
f. Finalized CDs must contain enough info so contractors can read and understand without question
g. Typically this phase accounts for as much as less than 50% of the total architectural fees due to the large amount of effort necessary.
What is included in the Bidding Negotiation Phase?
a. Bid documents (if required) are prepared to be delivered to prospective contractors. Bid documents include the following information:
i. Advertisement for Bid
ii. Instructions to Bidders
iii. Bid form
iv. Bid Documents (CDs)
v. Owner-Contractor Agreement
vi. Labor and material payment Bond
b. Bids received are reviews and a successful contractor is selected.
c. Any negotiation with the bidder of price or project scope, if necessary, should be done before the contract for construction is signed.
What is included in Contract Administration (Construction) phase?
a. Contract administration (CA) services are rendered at the owner’s discretion and are outlined in the owner-architect construction agreement.
b. Different owner-architect-contractor agreements require different levels of services on the architect’s part.
c. The architect’s core responsibility during this phase is to help the contractor to build the project as specified in the CDs as approved by the owner.
d. Questions may arise on the job site that require the architect to develop architectural sketches: drawings issues after construction documents have been released that offer additional clarification to finish the project properly. Different situations may require the architect to issue a Change in Services to complete the project, which may result in either extra cost- of - a credit due.
What are the floor plan design considerations?
- Indoor living areas
- Living rooms
- Kitchens
- Bathrooms
- Bedrooms
For indoor living areas, What is an open plan and what is a close plan?
Open plan - Typically the living room, dining room and entrance are combined into one open area. Typically very bright and airy- lots of windows.
Closed plan - walls separating spaces, more traditional home layouts.
Information on Living rooms
a. The formal center of the living area in most homes
b. Extremely important space - affects the design and mood of the entire house.
c. Can serve many functions (gatherings, entertainment, library, meditative)
d. Used primarily in the afternoon and evenings
e. Location - i. Close proximity to primary entrance of house
ii. Away from bedrooms
f. Orientation -
i. to allow the more attractive views of outdoors
ii. to received late afternoon sun from south west
g. Decor (patter of decoration) eg. Traditional, Eclectic, Contemporary, Mediterranean, Asian, ETC.
Information on Kitchens
a. Primary function is food preparation and dining area
b. Often the center of informal social gathers
c. Functional areas:
i. Storage and Preparation Center (Fridge)
ii. Cooking Center (Range/Oven)
iii. Cleanup Center (sink)
d. Styles of kitchens: U-shaped, peninsula, L shaped, galley, one-wall (straight)
e. Work Triangle:
i. Connect the 3 functional areas
ii. Minimum perimeter of triangle = 23 ft
iii. Maximum perimeter of triangle = 26ft.
What are the basic fixtures in a bathroom?
i. Water closet (toilet)
ii. Lavatory (sink)
iii. Bathtub
iv. Shower stall
What is 1/2 a bathroom and what us a full bathroom?
1/2 bthroom = toilet+sink
full bathroom = Toilet+sink+shower or tub
The location of bathroom is concealed from public space and kitchens. True or false?
True
Information on bathrooms
Other Bathroom considerations:
i. Plumbing- align bathrooms above each other in multi-floors
ii. Handicapped accessibility - requires special fixture, more space.
iii. Adjacent to bedrooms
iv. Ventilation - Mechanical fans to discharge humidity
v. Heating- often radiant-heated floors are installed in bathrooms
vi. Lighting - use shadowless fixtures in areas used for grooming
