Week 9: The Modern Aesthetic & Realism to Expressionism

Question 1

Abstract

Answer 1

art imagery that departs from recognizable images of the natural world (See Chapter 3.8, page 501)

Question 2

Abstraction

Answer 2

the degree to which an image is altered from an easily recognizable subject (See Chapter 3.8, page 518)

Question 3

Art Nouveau

Answer 3

French for “new art,” a visual style of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, characterized by organic flowing lines, simulating forms in nature and involving decorative pattern (See Chapter 3.8, page 521)

Question 4

Asymmetry

Answer 4

a type of design in which balance is achieved by elements that contrast and complement one another without being the same on either side of an axis (See Chapter 3.8, page 509)

Question 5

Atmospheric perspective

Answer 5

use of shades of color and clarity to create the illusion of depth. Closer objects have warmer tones and clear outlines, while objects set further away are cooler and become hazy (See Chapter 3.8, page 502)

Question 6

Avant-garde

Answer 6

early twentieth-century emphasis on artistic innovation, which challenged accepted values, traditions, and techniques (See Chapter 3.8, page 521)

Question 7

Baroque

Answer 7

European artistic and architectural style of the late sixteenth to early eighteenth century, characterized by extravagance and emotional intensity (See Chapter 3.8, page 519)

Question 8

Bird’s-eye view

Answer 8

an artistic technique in which a scene or subject is presented from some point above it (See Chapter 3.8, page 511)

Question 9

Cartoon

Answer 9

full-scale drawing (See Chapter 3.8, page 521)

Question 10

Composition

Answer 10

the overall design or organization of a work (See Chapter 3.8, page 502)

Question 11

Cropping

Answer 11

trimming the edges of an image, or composing it so that part of the subject matter is cut off (See Chapter 3.8, page 509)

Question 12

Der Blaue Reiter

Answer 12

(“The Blue Rider”); German Expressionist movement (1911–14) in Munich; used abstract forms to suggest spiritual content as a contrast to the corruption and materialism of the times (See Chapter 3.8, page 521)

Question 13

Die Brücke

Answer 13

(“The Bridge”) German Expressionist movement of painters and printmakers formed in Dresden (1905–13) with the aim of defying anything Classical and using art as a bridge between the past, present, and a utopian future (See Chapter 3.8, page 522)

Question 14

En plein air

Answer 14

French for “in the open air”; used to describe painting out of doors from start to finish rather than working in a studio for all or part of the process (See Chapter 3.8, page 508)

Question 15

Foreshortening

Answer 15

a perspective technique that depicts a form—often distorting or reducing it—at an angle that is not parallel to the picture plane, in order to convey the illusion of depth (See Chapter 3.8, page 513)

Question 16

Hue

Answer 16

general classification of a color; the distinctive characteristics of a color as seen in the visible spectrum, such as green or red (See Chapter 3.8, page 508)

Question 17

Idealism

Answer 17

elevating depictions of nature to achieve more beautiful, harmonious, and perfect depictions (See Chapter 3.8, page 503)

Question 18

Illusionism, Illusionistic

Answer 18

the artistic skill or trick of making something look real (See Chapter 3.8, page 502)

Question 19

Impasto

Answer 19

paint applied in thick layers (See Chapter 3.8, page 515)

Question 20

Impressionism

Answer 20

a late nineteenth-century painting style conveying the impression of the effects of light; Impressionists were painters working in this style (See Chapter 3.8, page 501)

Question 21

Linear perspective

Answer 21

a system using converging imaginary sight lines to create the illusion of depth (See Chapter 3.8, page 513)

Question 22

Modeling

Answer 22

the representation of three-dimensional objects in two dimensions so that they appear solid (See Chapter 3.8, page 510)

Question 23

Modernist, Modernism

Answer 23

a radically new twentieth-century art and architectural movement that embraced modern industrial materials and a machine aesthetic (See Chapter 3.8, page 501)

Question 24

Mosaic

Answer 24

a picture or pattern created by fixing together small pieces of stone, glass, tile, etc. (See Chapter 3.8, page 521)

Question 25

Neoclassicism

Answer 25

European style that flourished during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, characterized by an extreme interest in the Classical world, strictly ordered scenes, and heroic subjects (See Chapter 3.8, page 504)

Question 26

Non-objective, non-objectivity

Answer 26

art that does not depict a recognizable subject (See Chapter 3.8, page 521)

Question 27

Optical mixture

Answer 27

when the eye blends two colors that are placed near one another, creating a new color (See Chapter 3.8, page 509)

Question 28

Organic

Answer 28

having irregular forms and shapes, as though derived from living organisms (See Chapter 3.8, page 521)

Question 29

Outline

Answer 29

the outermost line or implied line of an object or figure, by which it is defined or bounded (See Chapter 3.8, page 503)

Question 30

Palette

Answer 30

a smooth slab or board used for mixing paints or cosmetics (See Chapter 3.8, page 508)

Question 31

Patron

Answer 31

an organization or individual who sponsors the creation of works of art (See Chapter 3.8, page 507)

Question 32

Photomontage

Answer 32

a single photographic image that combines (digitally or using multiple film exposures) several separate images (See Chapter 3.8, page 529)

Question 33

Picture plane

Answer 33

the surface of a painting or drawing (See Chapter 3.8, page 511)

Question 34

Post-Impressionists

Answer 34

artists either from or living in France, c. 1885–1905, who moved away from the Impressionist style—notably Cézanne, Gauguin, Seurat, and Van Gogh (See Chapter 3.8, page 501)

Question 35

Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood

Answer 35

English art movement formed in 1848 by painters who rejected the academic rules of art, and often painted medieval subjects in a naïve style (See Chapter 3.8, page 505)

Question 36

Renaissance

Answer 36

a period of culture and artistic change in Europe from the fourteenth to the seventeenth century (See Chapter 3.8, page 505)

Question 37

Representational

Answer 37

art that depicts figures and objects so that we recognize what is represented (See Chapter 3.8, page 501)

Question 38

Rhythm

Answer 38

the regular or ordered repetition of elements in the work (See Chapter 3.8, page 509)

Question 39

Romantic/Romanticism

Answer 39

movement in nineteenth-century European culture, concerned with the power of the imagination and greatly valuing intense feeling (See Chapter 3.8, page 504)

Question 40

Salon

Answer 40

an official annual exhibition of French painting, first held in 1667 (See Chapter 3.8, page 501)

Question 41

Space

Answer 41

the distance between identifiable points or planes (See Chapter 3.8, page 502)

Question 42

Symbolist

Answer 42

artist or artistic style belonging to the movement in European art and literature, c. 1885–1910, that conveyed meaning by the use of powerful yet ambiguous symbols (See Chapter 3.8, page 501)

Question 43

Value

Answer 43

the lightness or darkness of a plane or area (See Chapter 3.8, page 503)

Question 44

Volume

Answer 44

the space filled or enclosed by a three-dimensional figure or object (See Chapter 3.8, page 502)

Question 45

Woodblock

Answer 45

a relief print process where the image is carved into a block of wood (See Chapter 3.8, page 509)