Week 9 - Robust Self-Confidence

Question 1

what is sport confidence? (definition)

Answer 1

• Vealey, 1986
• the belief or degree of certainty individuals possess about their ability to be successful in sport

Question 2

what is self-efficacy? (definition)

Answer 2

• Bandura, 1986
• refers to a situational-specific form of confidence - ‘people’s judgements of their capabilities to organise and execute courses of action requires to attain designated types of performances’

Question 3

what does high sport confidence lead to?

Answer 3

Hays et al., 2009
- effective cognitions
- positive affect
- effective behaviours
- brings a clutch state

Question 4

what does low sport confidence lead to?

Answer 4

Hays et al., 2009
- faulty cognitions
- negative affect
- ineffective behaviours
- brings about a challenge state
- can still have a good performance with low confidence due to other psychological skills

Question 5

Self-Efficacy Theory

Answer 5

Bandura, 1997
- performance accomplishments; vicarious experience; social persuasion; psychological and emotional states; imaginary experiences all combine to form a self-efficacy judgement
- this then influences the behaviour/performance

Question 6

Sport confidence model theory

Answer 6

Vealey, 1986
- dependent on individual (demographic, personality characteristics, etc)
- environment can influence confidence (e.g. lots of praise = boost confidence)
- need to access as many sources of SC as you can, mix of internal and external
- affect, behaviour and cognition all come together for performance

Question 7

Sources of sport confidence

Answer 7

Vealey, 1986 - Sport confidence model theory
- demonstration of ability
- mastery (most frequent source)
- social support
- vicarious experiences
- coach’s leadership
- physical/mental prep
- physical self-presentation (poor body image = low confidence)
- environmental comfort
- situational favourableness

Question 8

types of sport confidence

Answer 8

Vealey, 1986 - Sport confidence model theory
- cognitive efficiency (can stay focused, think about what you need to do, make good decisions)
- physical skills and training (can you execute the skill and train hard)
- resilience (can you bounce back from adversity)

Question 9

Robust SC (definition)

Answer 9

• set of enduring, yet malleable positive beliefs that protect against an ongoing psychological and environmental challenges associated with competitive sport (Thomas et al., 2011)

Question 10

Robust self confidence is

Answer 10

• multidimensional
• malleable
• durable
• strong set of beliefs
• developed
• protective

Question 11

what are the strategies to develop robust sc?

Answer 11

Beaumont et al., 2015
- developing understanding and awareness of confidence
- logging evidence
- manipulate coaching environment (focus on mastery not winning)
- tailor for the individual
- using psychological skills
- developing an athletes signature strengths

Question 12

what are the strategies to maintain robust sc?

Answer 12

Beaumont et al., 2015
- a continuation of development phase
- influence the athlete’s environment
- stable beliefs
- reinforcing abilities

Question 13

team efficacy (definition)

Answer 13

Bandura, 1997
- a groups shared belief in its joint capability to organise and execute the courses of action required to produce given levels of attainment

Question 14

Team efficacy

Answer 14

• team efficacy is more important than self-efficacy in team sports where interdependence is high (Fransen et al., 2012)
• sources of collective efficacy include past performances; leadership/verbal persuasion; vicarious experiences; motivational climate; group cohesion and team size (Feltz and Chase, 1988)

Question 15

developing team efficacy

Answer 15

• past performances
• verbal persuasion
• vicarious experiences
• motivational climate (mastery environment, success is self-referenced team goals, team based process goals) (ego environment = damaged efficacy
• group cohesion
• team size