Week 8 - Wellbeing in Sport Flashcards
1
Q
what is mental health? (definition)
A
- state of well-being in which the individual realises their own abilities, can cope with the normal stress of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to contribute to their community (WHO, 2005)
2
Q
what is well-being?
A
- WB lies at the core of positive MH - low levels of WB are more likely to develop poor MH and vice versa (Keyes et al., 2010)
- to enhance/maintain MH of population it would be expedient to increase levels of WB (Keyes et al., 2010)
3
Q
what are the types of WB?
A
- Hedonic (emotional WB)
- Eudaimonic (psychological WB)
- now accepted that emotional response associated with hedonic and psychological and societal aspects of eudaimonic tradition, collectively embody ‘wellbeing’ and together reflect positive MH (Keyes, 2007)
4
Q
What is hedonic WB?
A
- emotional WB
- evaluation of life in emotional terms
- life satisfaction; presence of positive affect; absence of negative affect
5
Q
what is eudaimonic WB?
A
- psychological WB
- encompasses functioning and realising of potential
- fulfilment; self-acceptance; purpose in life; personal growth; optimal functioning
- social WB later added (Keyes, 1998)
6
Q
conceptualisation of WB
A
- high levels of emotional, psychological and social WB are less likely to develop poor MH (Keyes et al., 2010)
- to enhance/maintain MH there is a need to enhance all 3 areas of WB (Keyes et al., 2010)
- WB elicited through achieving a balance between individual’s resources and demands/challenges faced (Dodge et al., 2012)
7
Q
MH and WB of elite athletes
A
- duty of care review (Grey-Thompson, 2017) -> need for NGBs to prioritise WB and MH of elite athletes
- need to raise awareness of MH in performance settigns -> NGBs to provide relevant professional support, particularly when entering/leaving performance pathway
- more research needed to ascertain MH/WB levels in sport, and fully understand factors that can protect MH/WB in performance sport
8
Q
prevalence of low WB and MH among elite athletes
A
- systematic review (Rice et al., 2016)
- prevalence of low WB and MH comparable to general population
- appears to be factors that increase risk of low WB/MH among certain elite at certain times
9
Q
Factors associated with an increased risk of poor WB/MH among elite athletes
A
- overload of training/competitive demands
- failure
- injury
- retirement
- sports requiring certain shapes/weights (increased level of eating disorders)
- elite athletes may be more likely to engage in substance abuse
- stigma/ low MHL - more reluctant to seek help, increasing chances of poor MH
10
Q
what is mental health literacy (MHL)?
A
- knowledge of MH
- self-awareness of MH
- beliefs and attitudes towards MH
- confidence regarding self and others MH support
- actual help seeking behaviours
11
Q
impact of MHL training on WB and MH in elite athletes
A
- Breslin et al., 2017
- interventions designed to increase athlete WB/MH through MHL poorly designed and methodologically highly problematic
- MHL training can increase knowledge and confidence - but limited evidence of significant impact of help seeking behaviour and MH/WB of athletes
12
Q
what factors can lower support staff WB/MH?
A
- excessive workload
- post-competitive loss
- feeling isolated
13
Q
what factors can protect support staff WB/MH?
A
- effective organisational culture
- transformational leadership
- access to quality social support
14
Q
WB/MH of student athletes
A
- Wilson et al., 2005 - sources of stress are; relationships; finances; physical health; social
- uni students are a high-risk group requiring bespoke MH interventions
- US athletes lower suicide rate than UK athletes
- US male athletes significantly higher suicide rate than US female athletes
- Breslin et al., 2018 - MHL intervention impacted MHL but not WB/MH
