Week 7 - Clutch and Flow Flashcards
1
Q
critical review of peak performance
A
- psychology of optimal performance is a key focus for athletes, coaches and spex practitioners
- want to know how episodes of superior human functioning are experienced and reproduced
- earlier work focuses on preventing poor performance rather than encouraging clutch
- peak/optimal performance now considered through clutch and flow
2
Q
Flow state performance
A
- Czikszentmihaly, 2002
- deeply rewarding and optimal experience
- harmonious for individual and involves a sense of everything coming together
- in challenging situations
- often left feeling that something special has just occurred
- experiences can be highly valued and positive
3
Q
what are the outcomes of flow?
A
- well-being
- positive subject experience
- being energised and peak performance
- long-term participation in sport and exercise
- enjoyment
- motivation
4
Q
9 characteristics of flow
A
- Jackson and Eklund, 2004
- challenge-skill balance
- clear goals
- unambiguous feedback
- concentration on the task at hand
- sense of control
- action-awareness merging
- loss of self-consciousness
- time transformation
- autotelic experience
5
Q
criticisms of flow
A
- not all characteristics experienced by all- do they all have to for flow to occur
- unclear/imprecise definition of flow dimensions (e.g. clear goals)
- characteristics overlap
- low support for some characteristics -> Swann et al., 2012 found <30% loss of self-consciousness and time transformation
6
Q
eliciting flow
A
- Swann et al., 2012 - identified 12 facilitators of flow - BUT they are associated not theoretically linked
- Chavez et al., 2008 - factors that instigate, maintain, prevent or interrupt flow are not clearly understood
- Aherne et al., 2011 - flow is elusive/rare in sport
7
Q
letting it happen vs making it happen
A
- Swann et al., 2017
- letting it happen = flow
- making it happen = clutch
8
Q
Clutch states (defintion)
A
- Otton, 2009 - underlie superior performance that occurs under pressure circumstances
9
Q
Clutch definition
A
- Hibbs, 2010 - when an athlete is aware that the performance occurs during a pressure situation, has the capacity to experience stress, perceives the outcome of the competition as important and succeeds largely through effort
10
Q
when does clutch occur?
A
- important moments / outcomes on the line / being in contention
- followed by the decision to increase effort, concentration and intensity
11
Q
clutch characteristics
A
- complete/deliberate focus on the task
- intense effort
- heightened awareness of demands of the situation
- absence of negative thoughts
- heightened arousal
- execution of specific skills is automatic, but conscious of demands of situation and consequences of success/failure
- challenge appraisals
12
Q
how to encourage a clutch performance
A
- fixed goals essential for clutch state (open for flow)
- positive feedback regarding goals
- challenge appraisal
13
Q
criticisms of clutch
A
- ambiguously defined - when is it a clutch? is it a disposition? (Masagno and Hill, 2013)
- ‘a challenging concept inadequately defined in sport’ (Papatheodorou, 2010)
- use of unclear and inconsistent definitions resulted in a field of research characterised by methodological and theoretical issues - limiting understanding of how clutch occurs
14
Q
clutch rehearsal
A
- Schweikle et al., 2002
- clutch can be a moment or a performance - not a disposition
- dependent on perception of pressure and of performance
- integrated model of clutch can inform theoretically informed and evidence-based applied interventions
15
Q
using theory to encourage clutch
A
- work on challenge/threat
- motivational imagery
- process goals
- instructional self-talk
- motivational self-talk
- simulated training
- perceived control, self-efficacy, process goals (brings challenge state)
