Week 9: Reporting qualitative research Flashcards
What are the differences between quantitive and qualitative research? (12 points)
Describe the method section in qualitative research (6 points)
- The purpose of the method section: to inform the reader of how the investigation was carried out
- Note: Should contain enough detail to enable another researcher to replicate your investigation.
- Conventionally, three sub sections within the methods section are used:
1. Participants
2. Measures and procedure
3. Analysis
What should be mentioned about participants in a qualitative methods? (6 points)
- Three questions must be answered concerning the participants:
- Who were they
- How many were there
- How were they selected
- Specific information must be given concerning the participants, as result may vary from one sample to another based on your demographic questions
- Use pseudonyms
What should be mentioned about measures and procedures in a qualitative methods? (8 points)
- A description of all equipment used in the research should be provided
- Interview and/or survey questions
- Equipment (if commercially available) provide the manufacturer’s name and commercial identification of equipment
- If privately made, enough information to allow replication (diagram and measurements)
- Note: The procedure should provide enough information for others to replicate
- Details of how research was carried out
- Reliability, validity, trustworthiness
- Description of how data were collected
How do you get “good” qualitative results? (3 points)
Depends on:
- The quality of the data collector
- The quality of the data analyser
- The quality of the presenter/writer
Describe Data analysis (4 points)
- Analysis = the process of making sense of the data
- Analysis is done during and after data collection
- Need to organise, sort and synthesise
- Different techniques to do so
List the different qualitative data analysis (4 points)
- Content analysis – identify key words, paragraphs or themes
- Discourse analysis – identify main themes and the way they are expressed
- Relational analysis – identify concepts and explore the relationships between the concepts
- One thing that is common with all of these approaches is the use of direct quotations to support the conclusions
List the different types of data coding (3 points)
- Open coding
- Systematic coding
- Affinity diagramming
Describe open coding (7 points)
- Treat data as answers to open-ended questions
- Ask data specific questions
- Assign codes for answers
- An example: Families interviewed about calendar routines
- What calendars they had
- Where they kept their calendars
- What type of events they recorded
What are the results of opening coding (8 points)
- The result:
- list of codes
- frequency of each code
- a sense of the importance of each code
- When Reporting Results
- Find the main themes
- Use quotes / scenarios to represent them
- Include counts for codes (optional)
Describe Systematic Coding (4 points)
- Involves identification of codes/themes ahead of time
- Existing literature
- Previous open coding
- Code the data just like open coding
Describe Affinity diagramming (4 points)
- Process to assist in the identification of main themes
- Write ideas on sticky notes
- Place notes on a large wall / surface
- Group to see main themes
What are the general steps steps to developing qualitative paper? (10 points)
- Get data from respondents (primary data
- Data management
- Chunking of text
- Coding of chunks
- Analysis of coding
- Compare coding with other literature
- Reports, papers, theses
- Wider audience views it
- Repeat process
Describe the Findings and Discussion in Qualitative data (15 points)
- Generally, include one paragraph for each of the themes
- Each theme answers your question
- Include coded quotes from the transcripts to support your claims
- Include peer-reviewed literature to support your claims
- The discussion should reflect thorough understanding of, and critical insight into findings and the question/problem
- Remember, you are only answering your question for your cohort. You may make suggestions towards other cohorts but NOT prove
- You can use phrases like:
- It may be
- It appears to
- This finding suggests that
- The current results show…However, limited data supports these findings which may be due to…
- Explain any limitations you experienced with the study:
- Problems with the interview questions
- Limited number of participants
- Poor responses from some individuals
Describe the Conclusion in a qualitative report (3 points)
- Reiterate purpose of study
- Write a summary of your findings, relating back to your introduction and research question
- Answer your question
