week 9 (post test 2) infection control Flashcards
Cycle of infection order
“IRP MPS”
Infectious organism (pathogen)
Reservoir
Portal of exit
Mode of transmission
Portal of entry
Susceptible host
factors involved in the spread of disease are termed:
cycle of infection
pathogens include
bacteria, virus, fungi, parasites
reservoirs include
people, animals, soil, food, water
portal of exit includes
coughing/sneezing, bodily secretions, feces
mode of transmission includes
direct contact, indirect contract, vectors
portal of entry includes
mouth, nose, eyes, cuts in skin
susceptible host includes
elderly, infants, immunocompromised, anyone
mode of transmission which includes coughing, sexual contact, touch, human to human interaction
direct contact
mode of transmission which includes spread through air, contaminated objects, food or water
indirect contact
mode of transmission which includes spread by insects (mosquitoes, tick, flea, etc.)
vectors
bacteria are __________ organisms; they are ___________
single celled organisms, aerobic or anaerobic
examples of bacteria
E. coli, strep A
viruses are _________; they ________
subcellular organisms, cannot survive alone
examples of viruses
Ebstein Barr, Varicella
examples of fungi
yeasts, molds
yeasts ____; molds _____
yeasts = buds; molds = spores
prions are the ______________
smallest, not well understood, correspond with nerve cells
protozoa are __________
single celled animals, correspond with parasites
barriers that prevent microorganisms from entering the body
natural resistance
examples of natural resistance
intact skin, mucous membranes, and chemicals such as tears and acids by the skin
infection resistance to a specific organism that occurs after an individual has been infected with the organism, or that is conferred from a vaccine
acquired immunity, also called active immunity
short-term resistance to infection produced by preformed antibodies. Preformed antibodies can be injected in the form of pooled immune globulin from the general population; they are passed to infants in utero or in breast milk
passive immunity
what is the virus responsible for mono?
Ebstein Barr
what is the virus responsible for chicken pox?
varicella
many people infected at the same time in the same geographic area
epidemic
widespread epidemic (international, out of control)
pandemic
diseases constantly present within a community
endemic
what does MRSA stand for?
methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
what does VRE stand for?
vancomycin-resistant enterococci
standard precautions are _____________
used for all patients
with standard precautions, you assume ______________
all patients are infectious
Airborne precautions
-Reduce risk of transmitting infectious dust particles or airborne nuclei
-Tuberculosis, Measles, Varicella
-____ Mask
-_____________ room
-N95
-Negative airflow room
Airborne precautions
-Reduce risk of transmitting infectious ______________
-examples: _______________
-____ Mask
-_____________ room
-dust particles or airborne nuclei
-Tuberculosis, Measles, Varicella
Droplet precautions
-Reduce contact of large particle droplets with __________
-examples:___________________
-Surgical mask required
-Eye protection or gowns may also be required
-mucous membranes or eyes
-Pneumonia, influenza, Meningitis
Droplet precautions
-Reduce contact of large particle droplets with mucous membranes or eyes
-Pneumonia, influenza, Meningitis
-__________ required
-_________________ may also be required
-Surgical mask
-eye protection or gowns
Contact precautions
-Reduces risk of transmitting pathogens by ____________
-____________
-Enteric – C. diff, Norovirus, Rotavirus
-Often combined with Airborne precautions
-Gown
-contact with skin or mucous membranes
-MRSA, VRE, E. coli
Contact precautions
-Reduces risk of transmitting pathogens by contact with skin or mucous membranes
-MRSA, VRE, E. coli
-Enteric examples: _______________
-Often combined with _____________
-_____
-C. diff, Norovirus, Rotavirus
- Airborne precautions
-Gown
mnemonic device for cycle of infection
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