Week 9 - Organic Chemistry I

Question 1

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary carbon

Answer 1

a carbon that is bonded with 1, 2, 3, and 4 other carbons

Question 2

Single bond

Answer 2

AKA saturated, meaning ‘full’

Question 3

Double and triple bonds are…

Answer 3

unsaturated

Question 4

Heteroatoms

Answer 4

PONS: phosphorus, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur (and halides)

Question 5

Hydrocarbon suffixes

Answer 5

single bonds: -ane
double bonds: -ene
triple bonds: -yne

Question 6

Cyclic hydrocarbons

Answer 6

single bonds: cycloalkane
double bond: cycloalkene
3 double/3 single: aromatics, benzene rings

Question 7

10 base names (alkane)

Answer 7

methane
ethane
propane
butane
pentane
hexane
heptane
octane
nonane
decane

Question 8

gases vs. liquids

Answer 8

meth - but: gases
pent - dec: liquids

Question 9

Hydrocarbons are…

Answer 9

non-polar

Question 10

the only intermolecular force present in hydrocarbons is…

Answer 10

London Dispersion Forces

Question 11

as molar mass increases, alkanes become…

Answer 11

less volatile

Question 12

shape of cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane?

Answer 12

triangle, square, pentagon

Question 13

C to H ratio in alkanes

Answer 13

C(n) H(2n+2)

Question 14

C to H ratio in alkenes

Answer 14

C(n) H(2n)

Question 15

ethene –> octene

Answer 15

boiling point increases

Question 16

C to H ratio in alkynes

Answer 16

C(n) H(2n-2)

Question 17

How to calculate degree of unsaturation?

Answer 17

(Difference in # of hydrogens for the saturated version vs alkane version) / 2; so for example octyne has 14 H, octane has 18, so 4/2 =2 and octyne has 2 units of unsaturation

Question 18

How many units of unsaturation for each bond?

Answer 18

double bond - 1
triple - 2
each ring - 1
can use this when calculating for more complex molecules by just counting how many of each thing there is

Question 19

Most common alkyl substituents

Answer 19

methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, chloro (Cl), bromo (Br), iodo (I), fluoro (F)

Question 20

subsituents go in…

Answer 20

alphabetical order (prefixes like di, tri are ignored)

Question 21

Naming order in cycloalkanes

Answer 21

if only one substituent, no need to specify number
if multiple, try to make it so they have the lowest number possible and they are in increasing number and alphabetical order
also try to get the fewest sum of all numbers possible

Question 22

Cyclo ALWAYS…

Answer 22

gets the base name

Question 23

in cycloalkenes…

Answer 23

carbons of the double bond are assigned number 1 and 2

Question 24

naming alkenes

Answer 24

longest chain must include the double bond, start numbering from the end closest to the double bond

Question 25

naming alkynes

Answer 25

longest chain must include the triple bond, start numbering from the end closest to triple bond

Question 26

if both double and triple bonds are present…

Answer 26

number the chain to get the lowest possible numbers; if a tie, -ene gets the lowest numbers

Question 27

Benzene ring hybridization

Answer 27

all ring carbon atoms sp2

Question 28

organic compounds that are not aromatic (benzene) are…

Answer 28

aliphatic

Question 29

aromatic (benzene) rings have special…

Answer 29

stability (low reactivity)

Question 30

Naming on benzene rings

Answer 30

substituent on location 1, then anything else is ortho, then meta, para

Question 31

Alkynes will always be drawn (hybridization)…

Answer 31

as a straight line, because they are sp