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Gen Bio > Week 9:Macroevolution and diversity > Flashcards

Week 9:Macroevolution and diversity Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Phylogeny

A

depicts shared evolutionary ancestry among species

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2
Q

monophyletic group

A

an ancestor and all its decedants

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3
Q

ancestral trait

A

trait that changed to a derived trait: NOT evidence of ancestry

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4
Q

Outgroup

A

species outside group studied: assume trait in outgroup in ancentral

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5
Q

Linnean Classification

A

species names composed of capitalized genus and lowercase specific epithet also italicized or underlined

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6
Q

species

A

an evolutionary lineage separate from other lineages

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7
Q

allopatric speciation

A

geographic separation

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8
Q

speciation

A

formation of new species

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9
Q

sympatric speciation

A

groups in same geographic area reproductive separate

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10
Q

Bacteria

A

small, simple cells

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11
Q

Cell shape

A

coccus=spherical
bacillus= Rod shaped
Helical=curved or twisted

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12
Q

Cell grouping

A

Diplo=in twos
Staphylo=in clumps
Strepto= in chains
filament= very long chains

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13
Q

Gram stain postive

A

cell wall simpler;much peptidoglycan- Stain purple

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14
Q

Gram stain negative

A

cell wall complex: less peptidoglycan and includes outer membrane- stain red/pinkish

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15
Q

Binary fission

A

cell division in prokaryotes

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16
Q

Endospores

A

resistant cells made inside existing cells to survive poor conditions not reproduction

17
Q

Conjugation

A

transfer of genes between bacteria

18
Q

transformation

A

‘loose’ DNA taken from enviroment under adverse conditions

19
Q

Virus

A

intracellular parasite or parasitoid; made of genes and a capsid made of protien

20
Q

Virus life cycle

A
  1. attaches to a cell
  2. virus penetrates cell
    3.virus genetic material hijacks the cells internal machinery to reproduce
  3. New viruses emerge (often kills host cell)
21
Q

Pathogen

A

disease causing organism

22
Q

Virulence

A

degree of damage done to host

23
Q

Opportunstic

A

organism that is pathogenic under some conditions

24
Q

Antibiotics

A

kill or stops bacterial reproduction

25
Q

Staphylococcus Auerus

A

Gram pos coccus: can cause skin, wound, blood, and other infections

26
Q

Haploid

A

Cell with only one copy of alleles for every gene

Ex. Ovum and sperm

27
Q

Diploid

A

Cells with two copies for every gene

Ex. all cells except for ovum and sperm in human body

28
Q

Mitosis

A

More of the same cells
one 2n cell ——–> two 2n cells
one 1n cell ————> two 1n cells

29
Q

Meiosis

A

One 2n cell ——–> four 1n cells

30
Q

fertilization

A

two 1n cells ——> one 2n cell
Ex.( egg +sperm= zygote)

31
Q

What is the order of development

A

Zygote,morula,blastula, gastrula

Gen Bio (8 decks)

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