Week 9:Macroevolution and diversity

Question 1

Phylogeny

Answer 1

depicts shared evolutionary ancestry among species

Question 2

monophyletic group

Answer 2

an ancestor and all its decedants

Question 3

ancestral trait

Answer 3

trait that changed to a derived trait: NOT evidence of ancestry

Question 4

Outgroup

Answer 4

species outside group studied: assume trait in outgroup in ancentral

Question 5

Linnean Classification

Answer 5

species names composed of capitalized genus and lowercase specific epithet also italicized or underlined

Question 6

species

Answer 6

an evolutionary lineage separate from other lineages

Question 7

allopatric speciation

Answer 7

geographic separation

Question 8

speciation

Answer 8

formation of new species

Question 9

sympatric speciation

Answer 9

groups in same geographic area reproductive separate

Question 10

Bacteria

Answer 10

small, simple cells

Question 11

Cell shape

Answer 11

coccus=spherical
bacillus= Rod shaped
Helical=curved or twisted

Question 12

Cell grouping

Answer 12

Diplo=in twos
Staphylo=in clumps
Strepto= in chains
filament= very long chains

Question 13

Gram stain postive

Answer 13

cell wall simpler;much peptidoglycan- Stain purple

Question 14

Gram stain negative

Answer 14

cell wall complex: less peptidoglycan and includes outer membrane- stain red/pinkish

Question 15

Binary fission

Answer 15

cell division in prokaryotes

Question 16

Endospores

Answer 16

resistant cells made inside existing cells to survive poor conditions not reproduction

Question 17

Conjugation

Answer 17

transfer of genes between bacteria

Question 18

transformation

Answer 18

‘loose’ DNA taken from enviroment under adverse conditions

Question 19

Virus

Answer 19

intracellular parasite or parasitoid; made of genes and a capsid made of protien

Question 20

Virus life cycle

Answer 20

1. attaches to a cell
2. virus penetrates cell
   3.virus genetic material hijacks the cells internal machinery to reproduce
3. New viruses emerge (often kills host cell)

Question 21

Pathogen

Answer 21

disease causing organism

Question 22

Virulence

Answer 22

degree of damage done to host

Question 23

Opportunstic

Answer 23

organism that is pathogenic under some conditions

Question 24

Antibiotics

Answer 24

kill or stops bacterial reproduction

Question 25

Staphylococcus Auerus

Answer 25

Gram pos coccus: can cause skin, wound, blood, and other infections

Question 26

Haploid

Answer 26

Cell with only one copy of alleles for every gene

Ex. Ovum and sperm

Question 27

Diploid

Answer 27

Cells with two copies for every gene

Ex. all cells except for ovum and sperm in human body

Question 28

Mitosis

Answer 28

More of the same cells
one 2n cell ——–> two 2n cells
one 1n cell ————> two 1n cells

Question 29

Meiosis

Answer 29

One 2n cell ——–> four 1n cells

Question 30

fertilization

Answer 30

two 1n cells ——> one 2n cell
Ex.( egg +sperm= zygote)

Question 31

What is the order of development

Answer 31

Zygote,morula,blastula, gastrula