Week 8: Mircoevolution

Question 1

Biological evolution

Answer 1

Change in intrinsic qualities of life overtime

Question 2

Microevolution

Answer 2

change in genetics of population

Question 3

macroevolution

Answer 3

speciation and change among species

Question 4

Mutation

Answer 4

random change in DNA:random source of new variations

Question 5

Gene flow

Answer 5

Movement of individuals(alleles) among populations, redistributes variations

Question 6

Non-random mating

Answer 6

breeding non randomly: includes outbreeding and inbreeding

Question 7

Genetic drift

Answer 7

randomly reduces variation due to inheritance or catastrophe

Question 8

Natural selection

Answer 8

The enviroment results in individuals with certain genes reproducing more than other individuals with other genes

Question 9

adaptation

Answer 9

Characteristic or combination of characteristics present in some or all members of a population due to natural selection.

Question 10

artificial selection

Answer 10

Natural selection due to human selection

Question 11

Sexual selection

Answer 11

Natural selection due to mate choice

Question 12

adaptive trade-off

Answer 12

inherited characteristic improves reproduction in one enviroment but reduces it in another

Question 13

Genotype

Answer 13

An organisms allele

Question 14

Heterozygote

Answer 14

2 different alleles(Bb)

Question 15

Homozygote

Answer 15

2 same alleles(BB) or (bb)

Question 16

phenotype

Answer 16

an organisms characteristics

Question 17

Genotype frequency

Answer 17

the % of individuals in a population with a genotype

Question 18

Allele frequency

Answer 18

the percent of a single allele among all alleles for a single gene in a population

Question 19

Hardy-Weinberg theorem

Answer 19

equation that predicts genotypes in a population when its not evolving

Question 20

Hardy-Weinberg calculation: what you calculate= what you started with

Answer 20

Population is not evolving

Question 21

Hardy-Weinberg calculation: what you calculate(does not equal) what you started with

Answer 21

Population is evolving

Question 22

Hardy-Weinberg Equations

Answer 22

p^2= expected freq. of AA in pop.
2pq= expected freq. of Aa in pop.
q^2= expected freq of aa in pop.

Question 23

Antibiotic Resistance

Answer 23

evolves via random mutation followed by natural selection in an enviroment