Week 8: Mircoevolution Flashcards
Biological evolution
Change in intrinsic qualities of life overtime
Microevolution
change in genetics of population
macroevolution
speciation and change among species
Mutation
random change in DNA:random source of new variations
Gene flow
Movement of individuals(alleles) among populations, redistributes variations
Non-random mating
breeding non randomly: includes outbreeding and inbreeding
Genetic drift
randomly reduces variation due to inheritance or catastrophe
Natural selection
The enviroment results in individuals with certain genes reproducing more than other individuals with other genes
artificial selection
Natural selection due to human selection
Sexual selection
Natural selection due to mate choice
adaptive trade-off
inherited characteristic improves reproduction in one enviroment but reduces it in another
Genotype
An organisms allele
Heterozygote
2 different alleles(Bb)
Homozygote
2 same alleles(BB) or (bb)
phenotype
an organisms characteristics
Genotype frequency
the % of individuals in a population with a genotype
Allele frequency
the percent of a single allele among all alleles for a single gene in a population
Hardy-Weinberg theorem
equation that predicts genotypes in a population when its not evolving
Hardy-Weinberg calculation: what you calculate= what you started with
Population is not evolving
Hardy-Weinberg calculation: what you calculate(does not equal) what you started with
Population is evolving
Hardy-Weinberg Equations
p^2= expected freq. of AA in pop.
2pq= expected freq. of Aa in pop.
q^2= expected freq of aa in pop.
Antibiotic Resistance
evolves via random mutation followed by natural selection in an enviroment
