Week 1 and 2: Bio chem and cells

Question 1

How many bonds does hydrogen form

Answer 1

1

Question 2

How many bonds does oxygen form

Answer 2

2

Question 3

How many bonds does nitrogen form

Answer 3

3

Question 4

How many bonds does carbon form

Answer 4

4

Question 5

Carbonate Buffer system

Answer 5

H2O +CO2 ——-> (H+) + HCO3-

Question 6

What does science do

Answer 6

• science assumes
  -different things can have same cause
  -sensory evidence consistently reflects reality
• scientific doubt: no 100% certainty in science, senses dependable but may mislead

Question 7

Acidic

Answer 7

more H+ (pH<7)

Question 8

Basic

Answer 8

less H+ (pH>7)

Question 9

Carbohydrates

Answer 9

sugar units (sugars,starch, cellulose); composed of H,O,C.
Function- energy storage or structure

Question 10

Proteins

Answer 10

amino acid units;composed of H,O,N,C.
Function: regulate chem reactions(enzymes) or structure

Question 11

Nucleic acids

Answer 11

nucleotide units;made of H,O,N,C,P
Function: DNA, RNA, ATP, info or energy transfer

Question 12

Lipids

Answer 12

C chains or C rings; made of H,O,C
Function:fats, oils, steroids, energy storage or structure

Question 13

Carbs as food

Answer 13

• Sugar= energy; rapidly absorbed and used
• Starch= energy;quickly broken into glucose and absorbed
  -Cellulose= Indigestible=Fiber; passes through not absorbed

Question 14

Fats/oils ad food

Answer 14

Energy and sometimes used to make lipid structures

Question 15

Proteins as food

Answer 15

Digested into amino acids then used to make your proteins (contains Nitrogen)

Question 16

DNA and RNA as food

Answer 16

digested into nucleotides then used to make your DNA, RNA, and ADP/ATP

Question 17

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 17

simple cells with uncontained DNA (bacteria and archea)

Question 18

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 18

more complex cells with DNA contained in nucleus( animal, fungi, and plant)

Question 19

Prokaryotic cell characteristics

Answer 19

Plasma membrane- phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
Cytosol-mostly water
DNA-circular dna
Cell wall- peptidoglycan
Ribosomes-RNA and Protein

Question 20

Eukaryotic cell characteristics

Answer 20

Plasma membrane- phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
Cytosol-mostly water
DNA- linear and in nucleus (DNA molecules)
Cell wall- Chitin for fungi,cellulose for plants, and absent in animals
Ribosomes-RNA and Protein
Nucleus-phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
Endoplasmic reticulum:phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
Golgi apparatus-phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
Vacuole-phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
Cytoskeleton-Protein
Centriole- Protein
Mitochondrion- phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins, DNA, RNA
Chloroplast-phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins, DNA, RNA (in plants only

Question 21

Plants store energy in the form of

Answer 21

Starch

Question 22

Fungi stores energy in the form of

Answer 22

glycogen(carbs)

Question 23

Animals store energy in the form of

Answer 23

glycogen(carbs and fats)