Week 13: Physiology

Question 1

Physiology

Answer 1

study of internal organismic function

Question 2

Homeostasis

Answer 2

Maintenance of stable internal conditions
Ex. Temp, pH, glucose

Question 3

Intracellular fluid (ICF)

Answer 3

fluid inside cells: Cytosol

Question 4

Extracellular fluid (ECF)

Answer 4

fluid surrounding the cells inside animals

Question 5

Set point

Answer 5

the usually maintained homeostatic conditions

Question 6

Negative feedback

Answer 6

a ‘sensor’ triggers a response by a physiological system that returns the conditions to the set point

Ex.Hypothalmus( sensor) detects a lower body temp, muscles(effector) start to contract(shiver) to increase temp

Question 7

Positive Feedback

Answer 7

A sensor triggers a response by a increases the deviation from the set point

Ex. Childbirth

Question 8

Erythrocytes

Answer 8

transports o2 and some co2

Question 9

Leukocytes(white blood cells)

Answer 9

immune cells

Question 10

thrombocytes

Answer 10

blood clotting

Question 11

Plasma

Answer 11

transports glucose, hormones,co2

Question 12

Hematocrit

Answer 12

erythrocyte blood volume

Question 13

What are normal levels of hematocrit

Answer 13

Males: 43%- 49%
Females: 37%-43%

Question 14

Glycogen

Answer 14

energy storage in liver and muscles

Question 15

glycolysis

Answer 15

C6H12O6——> 2C3H3O3 +2ATP

Question 16

small intestine

Answer 16

absorbs glucose from digested foods

Question 17

pancreas

Answer 17

releases hormones that direct liver and body cells to store or release glucose

Question 18

liver

Answer 18

stores or release glucose

Question 19

body cells

Answer 19

absorb glucose for energy

Question 20

hypoglycemia

Answer 20

low blood sugar

Question 21

hyperglycemia

Answer 21

high blood sugar

Question 22

How does body deal with hypoglycemia

Answer 22

-pancreas senses low blood sugar
-uses glucagon to send message to liver
-liver uses glucagon and turns it into glucose
-glucose relesased

Question 23

How does body deal with hyperglycemia

Answer 23

• pancreases sense high blood sugar
• relases insulin
  liver responds to insulin by converting glucose into glucagon
• glucose asorbed

Question 24

Type 1 diabetes

Answer 24

insulin produced pancreas cells killed this makes no insulin, cannot direct liver to store glucose

Question 25

Type 2 diabetes

Answer 25

liver cells have reduced sensitivity to insulin

Question 26

Compenation

Answer 26

when carbonate buffer system and body system keeps blood pH near 7.4

Question 27

Acidosis/acidemia

Answer 27

blood pH <7.35, affects brain and muscles, twitching, confusion, eventually death

Question 28

Respiratory acidosis

Answer 28

too much CO2 in blood

Question 29

Metabolic acidosis

Answer 29

add or retain H+( compensates by hyperventilation to get rid of excess CO2

Question 30

Emergency concern

Answer 30

Acidosis——-> damage to heart reduced respiratory function (reduces blood flow)———> respiratory release of CO2 compromised (leading to high CO2 levels)

Question 31

O2 transport

Answer 31

-hemoglobin binds to O2 molecules when erythrocytes in lungs
- hemoglobin releases O2 when erythrocytes are in high CO2 tissues