Week 13: Physiology Flashcards
Physiology
study of internal organismic function
Homeostasis
Maintenance of stable internal conditions
Ex. Temp, pH, glucose
Intracellular fluid (ICF)
fluid inside cells: Cytosol
Extracellular fluid (ECF)
fluid surrounding the cells inside animals
Set point
the usually maintained homeostatic conditions
Negative feedback
a ‘sensor’ triggers a response by a physiological system that returns the conditions to the set point
Ex.Hypothalmus( sensor) detects a lower body temp, muscles(effector) start to contract(shiver) to increase temp
Positive Feedback
A sensor triggers a response by a increases the deviation from the set point
Ex. Childbirth
Erythrocytes
transports o2 and some co2
Leukocytes(white blood cells)
immune cells
thrombocytes
blood clotting
Plasma
transports glucose, hormones,co2
Hematocrit
erythrocyte blood volume
What are normal levels of hematocrit
Males: 43%- 49%
Females: 37%-43%
Glycogen
energy storage in liver and muscles
glycolysis
C6H12O6——> 2C3H3O3 +2ATP
small intestine
absorbs glucose from digested foods
pancreas
releases hormones that direct liver and body cells to store or release glucose
liver
stores or release glucose
body cells
absorb glucose for energy
hypoglycemia
low blood sugar
hyperglycemia
high blood sugar
How does body deal with hypoglycemia
-pancreas senses low blood sugar
-uses glucagon to send message to liver
-liver uses glucagon and turns it into glucose
-glucose relesased
How does body deal with hyperglycemia
- pancreases sense high blood sugar
- relases insulin
liver responds to insulin by converting glucose into glucagon - glucose asorbed
Type 1 diabetes
insulin produced pancreas cells killed this makes no insulin, cannot direct liver to store glucose
Type 2 diabetes
liver cells have reduced sensitivity to insulin
Compenation
when carbonate buffer system and body system keeps blood pH near 7.4
Acidosis/acidemia
blood pH <7.35, affects brain and muscles, twitching, confusion, eventually death
Respiratory acidosis
too much CO2 in blood
Metabolic acidosis
add or retain H+( compensates by hyperventilation to get rid of excess CO2
Emergency concern
Acidosis——-> damage to heart reduced respiratory function (reduces blood flow)———> respiratory release of CO2 compromised (leading to high CO2 levels)
O2 transport
-hemoglobin binds to O2 molecules when erythrocytes in lungs
- hemoglobin releases O2 when erythrocytes are in high CO2 tissues
