Week 9 - Health And Education Flashcards
Current Relation between health and environment
- Adequate house / nutrition / warmth / stimulation
- Higher socioeconomic status = better quality of life
Define Social Determinants of Health
The conditions of the environment in which an individual is born , lives , learns , plays , and grows old (Burns 2013)
Overview of Gateshead Millennium Baby Study
- 923 ppts , analysed 84%
*Weight loss , weaning , early feeding patterns , appetitive and weight gain - Assessed through Personal Child Health Record
- Weighed 8x from birth to 13months and then 30m
Examples of questions asked in the Gateshead Millennium Baby Study
Findings from GMS
-Babies lost less weight than previous studies
- Breast fed babies were fed more often
-Mothers with post natal depression : babies had slower weight gain up to 4m
- No clear differences between mealtime energy intake and feeding behaviour.
Define a teratogen
An environmental agent that causes harm to an unborn child (eg. Drugs , Alcohol, Maternal Stress)
Impact of hormones in natural pre-natal environment
- Impact brain organisation
- Testosterone masculines developing brain leading to hemispheric specialisation
- Oestrogen feminises developing brain
Issues with Pre-term and Low Birth-Weight Babies
Pre-term = babies before due date , risk and difficulties may not be able to be overcome
Low-Birth Weight = more serious problems , academic and social maturity
Causes and Implications of excess weight
- Maternal high fat increased body size in 3rd gen female offspring through genetic links
- Early feeding behaviours elf to heart disease and diabetes , even decades later
Extreme Deprivation effect on health
Measurable effect on brain growth , stunted growth , hard to establish cause and effect
Psychosocial Dwarfism
Between 2-15yrs , characteristics of short stature , decreased growth hormone , immature skeletal
Can be treated
Effect of foetal alcohol syndrome
Physical and facial deformities , lack of oxygen is cause , associated with a range of psychological problems (incl. school achievement)
Effect of complications during pregnancy
Poor maternal health and associated environmental risks , in relation to poverty
The Biology of a cuddle (Hollander)
*Skin contact reduces stress , more nurture = more efficient brain system for stress
Evidence from Primates of nurture
Harlow - Monkey Love Experiment
Rodriguez - control over environment
Shirley - dejection pf
Importance of home environment on health
- Plomin and Daniel - better homes are structured , safe, emotionally rich, nurturing and improves IQ
- Blended families are now the norm
Relation between higher socio-economic status and higher IQ
More parental responsiveness , warmth , safety , social support , access to private schools / more time spent with child
Overview of A Dysfunctional Family Environment (Flores et al 2012)
- Childhood psychopathology depends on environment which a child is raised
- Characteristics of typical children , anxiety , behavioural , and both looked at
Impact of life experiences and poverty
Social determinants of health , life expectancy correlates with circumstances (food, healthcare, vaccines)
Define Solutogenesis
Promoting efforts towards improved well-being and ongoing positive health
Link between poverty and mental health
- Cause vs Consequence
*Complex two way interaction (Payne 2012)
Behaviour and Longevity affecting life expectancy
7-8 hrs sleep per night
Eating breakfast
Not smoking
Moderate alcohol use
Behaviour change linking to development
Physical activity
Attitudes to wearing seatbelts / smoking / drink driving
Developmental Plasticity
Importance of Urban Environment and Green Space
Significant positive relationship between green space , cortisol slope , and stress
- Improves hospital recovery rate , socialisation etc
