Week 9 - Health And Education

Question 1

Current Relation between health and environment

Answer 1

• Adequate house / nutrition / warmth / stimulation
• Higher socioeconomic status = better quality of life

Question 2

Define Social Determinants of Health

Answer 2

The conditions of the environment in which an individual is born , lives , learns , plays , and grows old (Burns 2013)

Question 3

Overview of Gateshead Millennium Baby Study

Answer 3

• 923 ppts , analysed 84%
  *Weight loss , weaning , early feeding patterns , appetitive and weight gain
• Assessed through Personal Child Health Record
• Weighed 8x from birth to 13months and then 30m

Question 4

Examples of questions asked in the Gateshead Millennium Baby Study

Question 5

Findings from GMS

Answer 5

-Babies lost less weight than previous studies
- Breast fed babies were fed more often
-Mothers with post natal depression : babies had slower weight gain up to 4m
- No clear differences between mealtime energy intake and feeding behaviour.

Question 6

Define a teratogen

Answer 6

An environmental agent that causes harm to an unborn child (eg. Drugs , Alcohol, Maternal Stress)

Question 7

Impact of hormones in natural pre-natal environment

Answer 7

• Impact brain organisation
• Testosterone masculines developing brain leading to hemispheric specialisation
• Oestrogen feminises developing brain

Question 8

Issues with Pre-term and Low Birth-Weight Babies

Answer 8

Pre-term = babies before due date , risk and difficulties may not be able to be overcome
Low-Birth Weight = more serious problems , academic and social maturity

Question 9

Causes and Implications of excess weight

Answer 9

• Maternal high fat increased body size in 3rd gen female offspring through genetic links
• Early feeding behaviours elf to heart disease and diabetes , even decades later

Question 10

Extreme Deprivation effect on health

Answer 10

Measurable effect on brain growth , stunted growth , hard to establish cause and effect

Question 11

Psychosocial Dwarfism

Answer 11

Between 2-15yrs , characteristics of short stature , decreased growth hormone , immature skeletal
Can be treated

Question 12

Effect of foetal alcohol syndrome

Answer 12

Physical and facial deformities , lack of oxygen is cause , associated with a range of psychological problems (incl. school achievement)

Question 13

Effect of complications during pregnancy

Answer 13

Poor maternal health and associated environmental risks , in relation to poverty

Question 14

The Biology of a cuddle (Hollander)

Answer 14

*Skin contact reduces stress , more nurture = more efficient brain system for stress

Question 15

Evidence from Primates of nurture

Answer 15

Harlow - Monkey Love Experiment
Rodriguez - control over environment
Shirley - dejection pf

Question 16

Importance of home environment on health

Answer 16

• Plomin and Daniel - better homes are structured , safe, emotionally rich, nurturing and improves IQ
• Blended families are now the norm

Question 17

Relation between higher socio-economic status and higher IQ

Answer 17

More parental responsiveness , warmth , safety , social support , access to private schools / more time spent with child

Question 18

Overview of A Dysfunctional Family Environment (Flores et al 2012)

Answer 18

• Childhood psychopathology depends on environment which a child is raised
• Characteristics of typical children , anxiety , behavioural , and both looked at

Question 19

Impact of life experiences and poverty

Answer 19

Social determinants of health , life expectancy correlates with circumstances (food, healthcare, vaccines)

Question 20

Define Solutogenesis

Answer 20

Promoting efforts towards improved well-being and ongoing positive health

Question 21

Link between poverty and mental health

Answer 21

• Cause vs Consequence
  *Complex two way interaction (Payne 2012)

Question 22

Behaviour and Longevity affecting life expectancy

Answer 22

7-8 hrs sleep per night
Eating breakfast
Not smoking
Moderate alcohol use

Question 23

Behaviour change linking to development

Answer 23

Physical activity
Attitudes to wearing seatbelts / smoking / drink driving
Developmental Plasticity

Question 24

Importance of Urban Environment and Green Space

Answer 24

Significant positive relationship between green space , cortisol slope , and stress
- Improves hospital recovery rate , socialisation etc