Week 7 - Social Development : Relationships, Friends And Peers

Question 1

What are the 4 domains of social development?

Answer 1

• Social, Physical, Cognitive, and affective/emotive
• Good quality daycare nurtures all domains
• Basic emotions are innate

Question 2

Features of Physical Development in Early Childhood

Answer 2

• Slowing of growth
• Fine and motor skills improve
• Develop Sphincter Control aged 2-5yrs

Question 3

Features of cognitive development

Answer 3

• Episodic memories develop aged 2-4yrs
• Working Memory repetition of digits aged 4yrs+
• Counting to 10 objects (aged 5)
• Prelogical Mental Testing
• Visio-spatial Skills (drawing shapes)

Question 4

Features of emotional development

Answer 4

• Early childhood = struggle with autonomy, secondary emotions, self soothing techniques

-Middle Childhood= language development, cog recognition of emotions, social display rules

Question 5

Features of social development

Answer 5

• Early childhood = gender identity, interaction, social conformity, peer influence
• Middle Childhood= developed perspective taking, understanding of fairness, comparison with peers

Question 6

Relationships between peer relations and behaviour later in life

Answer 6

• Socially withdrawn = Social Casualty
• Poor peer relations = Later and Immediate adjustment problems

Question 7

Explain the main cognitive theory of peer relations [Piaget]

Answer 7

• Developmental : maturation leads to sophisticated thinking and cognitive functioning
• Occurs in stages

Question 8

Explain the Environemental theory of peer relationships [Bandura}

Answer 8

• SLT
• Interaction of environments causes appropriate behaviour
  -display rules rather than learn them

Question 9

Explain the main ethology theory of peer relationships [Bowlby + Hindi]

Answer 9

• Stems from evolutionary approach
• Focus on adaptation / survival
• Innate basis encompassing naturalistic studies

Question 10

Define the Evolutionary of Reasoning Capacity

Answer 10

• Solving social competition
• Cooperation for survival
• Reproductive Stress

Question 11

Define Friendship

Answer 11

A stable affective dyadic relationship marked by preference, reciprocity, and shared positive effects (Howes)

Question 12

3 stages of friendship (Damon)

Answer 12

1= 4-7yrs, temporary, available playmate
2= 8-10yrs, mutual share, emphasis on relationship
3= 10-15yrs = intimate, trust, emotional

Question 13

Advantage of friendships and conventional families

Answer 13

• Protective factor and self efficacy
• Developed socio-cog abilities

Question 14

6 categories of rejecting behaviour by peers

Answer 14

1 = Exclusion from social interaction
2= Prevention of access
3= Aggression, nicknames, rumours
4= Controlling a child
5= Expressing moral disapproval
6= Involving a 3rd party

Question 15

Relationship between poor parental experience and psychoticism (Smailes)

Answer 15

More psychotic experiences shown in individuals with a poorer relationship with their parents