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Developmental > Week 10 - Adolescence > Flashcards

Week 10 - Adolescence Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of Adolescent

A

Period of transition from childhood to adulthood , encompassing development to sexual maturity and development to psychological and relative economic independence

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2
Q

5 main developmental themes in adolescents (Steinberg)

A
  1. Identity
  2. Sexuality
  3. Intimacy
  4. Autonomy
  5. Achievement
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3
Q

Three areas of concern with adolescents

A
  1. Conflict with parents (assert independence)
  2. Mood swings (highs and lows / pressure)
  3. Risk taking behaviour (optimistic bias)
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4
Q

Overview of general moodiness in adolescence

A
  • Weak relationship between hormonal and neurological changes
  • Negative mood linked to life events , friendships , school pressures / stress
  • Increased need for sleep due to physical appearance changes

METHODOLOGY - DIARY BASED : mood less stable but high Friday /sat evenings

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5
Q

Emotional self regulation and self control in adolescents

A

Teenagers gain more independence but with this comes more responsibility
- Brain activity high in amygdala , Low in front lobe

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6
Q

How do adults maintain and develop self-control of emotions and behaviour

A
  • Prefrontal Cortex self regulation to achieve full functional maturation
  • Predictor of academic success
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7
Q

2 major change of adolescents neural function (Blakemore and Choudhury)

A

1= Increased mylenation - speed of processing
2= Synaptic Pruning - increased efficiency

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8
Q

Rosenfeld et al (2009)

A
  • Average age of 12.5yrs in girls reaching menarche
  • Early sexual activities = less interested in school
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9
Q

Why in Europe has their been a reduction in age at menarche?

A
  • BMI and Environmental Factor
  • Fats in diet cause white fat cells to produce leptin
  • Absence of father lead to early onset menarche
  • Additional environmental stress in single parent households
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10
Q

Body image in adolescence

A
  • Teenagers become more self-concious of physical appearance and less satisfied with body
  • Healthiest
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11
Q

Morbidity and Mortality in Adolescents

A
  • Primary causes related to control of emotion and behaviour
  • Increased rates of accidents , mental health related deaths, risky behaviour
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12
Q

Risk Factors In Adolescents

A

-Friends
-Genetics
-Social Life
-Home Life

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13
Q

Protective Factors in Adolescence

A
  • Good friends
    -Healthy activities
    -School Life
    -Sport
    -Emotional Control
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14
Q

Intrinsic Factors influencing adolescent development

A

Temperaments
School Progress
Low impulse control
Optimistic Bias (‘won’t happen to me’)

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15
Q

Reasons for the concern of ‘epidemic’ of adolescent depression

A
  1. Increase in anti-depressant
  2. Data from successive birth cohorts
  3. Rising suicide rates
  4. Increase in emotional problems

[Costello et al]

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16
Q

Reasons for a sharp increase in depression

A
  • Early Pubety
  • Increased risk of teenage pregnancy
17
Q

Why is there a gender difference in depression?

A
  • Weight and Body shape
  • Rumination
  • Relationships
    -Pressure to achieve
  • More likely to report
18
Q

Unstructed and Unsupervised Adolescents

A
  • Parents unavailability , limited support networks , no age-appropriate supervision results in more increased unsupervised time [Bornstein]
  • Parental presence reduces risks from harm [Resnick et al]
19
Q

Employment in adolescence and behaviour

A
  • Negative correlation between hours in work and school grades (Steinberg and Dornbusch)
  • Association with long hours and substance abuse
20
Q

Extrinsic Factors : 4 Parenting styles affecting behavuour

A

1 = AUTHORITATIVE - associated with self reliance self control
2= AUTHORITARIAN - Associated with less socially skilled
3= INDULGENT - less mature
4= NEGLECTFUL - more impulsive

21
Q

Influence of friends and behaviour in adolescents

A
  • Selective association
  • Socialised (close friends) and unsocialised (alone) delinquents
  • Depression relation between 13-5yrs and vulnerable children
22
Q

Positive aspects of adolescents

A
  • High participation in sport correlates with attachment to parents and peers (Suzkys et al)
  • Younger ppts more attached
  • Doesn’t differentiate between mother / father
23
Q

5 qualities of role models in adolescents

A
  1. Passion and ability to aspire
  2. Clear set of values
  3. Commitment to communities
  4. Selfishness and acceptance
  5. Ability to overcome obstacles
24
Q

Grandparents and Well-being study [Flori et al]

A
  • 800+ children from 68 schools in Eng/Wales
  • Examined stress/ adverse life events with psychopathology and pro social behaviour (Strengths and Difficulty Questionnaire)
  • POSITIVE ASSOCIATION with closeness to grandparents and reduced stress / more resilience
25
Q

Family meals and adolescence behaviours

A
  • Family meals were a protective factor for enhancing wellbeing
  • Focused on mental health , substance abuse , and delinquency [Musick & Meier]
  • Mealtimes provided structure , stability , and communication
26
Q

Positive aspects to employment in adolescents

A
  1. Independence , positive attitude and outlook
  2. Money management
  3. Responsibility
  4. Team work , management . Prioritising
  5. Develops CV , networking
27
Q

Relation of technology / social media and adolescent behaviour

A
  • More adaptive teaching styles
  • 92% of adolescents report going online everyday
  • Internet replaced family as a super-peer
28
Q

Link between 4 positive attribution of adolescents and developing a metabolic syndrome

A

( Cluster of conditions eg high BP , obesity - which increase risk of stroke / heart failure / diabetes)

  1. Positive Effect
  2. Optimism
  3. Social Status
  4. Self Esteem

Developmental (6 decks)

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