Week 9: Forensic Psychology Flashcards
The 2 most effective techniques for questioning are…
Free recall
Open questions
What is the main reason that people confess to crimes?
- They believe there is enough evidence to prove them guilty.
- The confession allows them to explain their offence more and gather sympathy
An orderly crime scene could indicate…
An older offender and organized.
Extensive experience with the police
eg. brought own weapon, left little evidence
We can make inferences about an offender with 2 things:
- The way they commit the offence
2. The way they leave the crime scene
A disorderly crime scene might indicate…
A younger offender and disorganized (possibly due to alcohol, drugs or mental impairment)
eg. used a brick at the scene and left it there
What sort of rape profiling behaviour:
Rapist is interested only in own pleasure.
No concern for victim’s feelings and comfort.
Verbally offensive, abusive, threatening
Physically - often aggressive towards genitals, anal sex then fellatio etc
selfish rape behaviour
What sort of rape profiling behaviour:
Verbally apologises, reassures, demeans himself, interest in personal life
Physically - minimal force, shows weapon but rarely uses
pseudo-unselfish behaviour
What is the structured assessment tool used to assess the likelihood of an individual committing a sexual offence?
The Sexual Violence Risk-20
Sexual deviation represents an increased risk of…
sexual offending
This condition is characterised by manipulation of others, lack of empathy and remorse and extensive offending.
psychopathy
What other conditions result in an increased risk of sexual offending?
- Major mental illness
- Homicidal ideation
- Relationship problems
- Substance abuse problems
- Employment problems
- Non-sexual violent past offences
- Multiple sex offence types
- Past supervision failures
The idea of crime being learned by association with other criminally inclined people in close personal groups is labelled as…
Differential association theory
One group that commited 6 times more serious offences and 28 times more multiple offences were those with…
ADHD
Low activity in brain areas controlling planning, strategies, impulsive behaviour, reading and mathematics are found in people who have…
Committed compulsive murder of strangers.
What are some of the types of stalkers?
Rejected stalker (most common), intimacy seeker, incompetent suitor, resentful stalker, predatory stalker (most dangerous).
Discuss the rape typology - Power reassurance type
The rape is viewed as a relationship with the victim.
Tend to be serial offenders.
Are seeking affirmation of masculinity and power.
‘pseudo-selfish’ rapist
Discuss the rape typology - Power assertive type
Sexually confident, use charm to lure a victim which ends in violence and aggression (‘switch’ character)
Selfish category of rapist.
Harder to prosecute due to victim entering situation of own free will.
Discuss the rape typology - Anger retaliatory type
Uses victims to vent anger (victims may share characteristics of the person they are angry at)
Rapid ‘blitz’ attack.
‘Selfish’ rape approach
Discuss the rape typology - Anger excitement type
Enjoys the fear and suffering produced
Meticulously planned, often lead to homicide of the victim
Selfish rape approach
All psychopathic individuals can also be diagnosed with…
antisocial personality disorder (APD)
Over 90% of sexual and serial killers in the US are diagnosed with…
psychopathy
Treating psychopathy is controversial, because…
the ‘sufferer’ rarely suffers
Discuss psychoopaths and treatment
They are often resistant to therapy and will manipulate the therapeutic treatment to their advantage and subvert the treatment of others.
What stalker typology is this?
Knows the victim often through media and believes the victim loves them.
Love obesessional subtype
What stalker typology is this?
The most common sort of stalker, often seeking retribution over perceived mistreatment.
simple obsessional subtype
What stalker typology is this?
A` rare form, usually a female who is under the delusion that the victim loves them. Victim is often in a position of power or superiority.
The eromaniac subtype
Hans Eyesenck coined the term
Biological positivism
Kretschmere believed that personality type was related to…
body build (3 somatypes)
Committing a crime when you are ‘mens rea’ means…
you were of a sound mind when you did it
Eyesenck’s extroverted personality type was split into 2 sub types…
Impulsiveness (which contained criminal traits) and sociability
Eyesenck made no situationalist allowances for personality and criminal traits, such as…
Contextual changes
Personality changes
Effects of labelling
From a psychodynamic perspective, Freud related crime with…
A weak superego
Bowlby associated maternal deprivation with…
Affectionless psychopathy
Evolutionary theories of crime seek _________ instead of proxemic explantions.
Ultimate explanations
