Week 8: Why Love Matters

Question 1

Konrad Lorenz was known as the father of…

Answer 1

modern ethology

Question 2

What was Lorenz interested in studying?

Answer 2

Instinct - what we do without having to learn it

Question 3

For imprinting to occur, an animal must be exposed to a…

Answer 3

A releaser - object or creature that triggers a set of behaviours

Question 4

What did Lorenz do with the 2 sets of baby goslings?

why?

Answer 4

He out one in a box and the other with the mother goose.

To see what would happen in the critical period (first minutes of life)

Question 5

In the goslings without mother goose, who or what became ‘the releaser’

Answer 5

Konrad Lorenz

Question 6

Describe Bowlby’s Pre-attachment phase

Answer 6

Phase 1, 0-3 months
Babies can identify primary carer by smell, voice, touch and prefer them.
Completely dependent and helpless

Question 7

Describe Bowlby’s Attachment in the Making phase

Answer 7

Phase 2 (2-6 months)
Direct communication toward primary carer, but don not  protest when separated.

Question 8

Describe Bowlby’s Clear-cut attachment phase

Answer 8

Phase 3, 6 months - 4 years

Display separation anxiety when parents leave

Question 9

Describe Bowlby’s Goal-oriented partnership phase

Answer 9

Phase 4, 4yrs onwards

Understand parents’ leaving and predict their return

Question 10

What test was used by Mary Ainsworth (a student of Bowlby’s), to measure the quality of attachment of babies?

Answer 10

The Strange Situation Procedure (SSP)

An 8 episode procedure in which the mother leaves the baby with a stranger.

Question 11

What are the 4 attachment styles in infants?

Answer 11

Secure
Anxious-ambivalent
Avoidant
Disorganised/disoriented

Question 12

In secure attachment, what was:

1. The baby’s response after the SSP
2. Characteristics displayed in adulthood

Answer 12

1. Baby approaches mother upon her return for comfort

2. Shows trust in romantic partners, easily depends on others and is dependable.

Question 13

In anxious-ambivalent attachment, what was:

1. The baby’s response after the SSP
2. Characteristics displayed in adulthood

Answer 13

1. Baby approaches mother for comfort but shows anger and resistance to comfort.
2. Fear abandonment, mistrust partners, jealous and clingy

Question 14

In avoidant attachment, what was:

1. The baby’s response after the SSP
2. Characteristics displayed in adulthood

Answer 14

1. Baby does not seek comfort upon return of mother
2. Avoid emotional dependence, deny attachment needs and those of others, difficulty with intimate romantic relationships.

Question 15

Tronick invented a procedure similar to the SSP to measure attachment called the…

Answer 15

Still Face Paradigm

Question 16

A program that empowers parents to believe they can parent by nurturing and loving themselves and their child is called the…

Answer 16

PUP program

Question 17

According to Ethologists, instinct is released by…

Answer 17

a specific external stimulus

eg. mother chicken recognises the distress call of the chicks, not the danger itself

Question 18

When animals are born with an incomplete knowledge of the releasing stimulus, it requires…

Answer 18

imprinting

eg. gosling knows to follow a creature in single file, but not what creature (so Lorenz could be that creature).

Question 19

In disorgaised/disoriented attachment, what was:

1. The baby’s response after the SSP
2. Characteristics displayed in adulthood

Answer 19

1. Walked towards mother with face averted, froze, tranc-like (indicating fear)
2. Not mentioned