Week 9 - Families, kinship, and marriage - Test 2 Flashcards
What is family?
a group of people who are considered to be related in some way, for example, by ‘blood’ (common ancestry or descent) or marriage
What is Kinship?
Central organizing principle of societies. (Ju/’hoansi)
What is nuclear family?
Family group consistening of parents and their children.
What is extended family?
An expanded household that includes three or more generations.
What is descent groups?
For ‘appropriate’ social relationships
For resource management
For marriage
What is patriarchy?
A political system ruled by men in which women have inferior social and political status, including basic human rights.
What is matriarchy?
a system of society or government ruled by women
What is patrilinear?
The kinship line passes only through the males, which means that a woman belongs to her father’s line, and that her children, boys and girls, belong to her husband’s line.
What is matrilinear?
descent traced only through females
What is bilaterial descent?
a system of family lineage in which the relatives on the mother’s side and father’s side are equally important for emotional ties or for transfer of property or wealth.
What is patrilocal?
relating to a pattern of marriage in which the couple settles in the husband’s home or community:
What is matrilocal?
denoting a custom in marriage whereby the husband goes to live with the wife’s community.
What is neolocal?
post maritial residence in which a newly married couple resides separately from both husband and wifes household
What is arranged marriages?
a marriage planned and agreed by the families or guardians of the couple concerned rather than by the couple themselves.
What is endogamy?
the custom of marrying only within the limits of a local community, clan, or tribe.
What is exogamy?
he custom of marrying outside a community, clan, or tribe.
What is monogamy?
Only one spouse
What is polygamy?
More then one spouse
What characterizes the traditional chinese family?
Patriarchal
patrilocal
Patrilineal rule of descent
Extended family (several generations living at the same location)
Communist policies (1950s) and one-child policy (1979)
Urbanization and cultural changes: a process of family isolation (cultural model of the nuclear family)
What characterizes the traditional Ju/’ Hoansi family? (read up on chapter 5 of Lee)
band, flexibility, bilateral descent
principal genius stroke: the name relationship.
Limited number of personal names in use (only 35 mens names and 32 womens names) . Names are inherited from ancestors according to a fairly strict set of rules. Every child must be named for somebody. A first-born son is supposed to be named after his father’s father, and the first-born daughter after her father’s mother. Second-born children are supposed to be named after the mother’s father and mother’s mother, and additional children are to be named after father’s brothers and sisters and mother’s brothers and sisters, in that order. More dist
The Ju/′hoansi commonly live in camps that number from 10 to 30 indivi- duals, but the composition of these camps changes from month to month and from day to day. In essence, a Ju/′hoan camp consists of relatives, friends, and in-laws who have found that they can live and work well together. Under this flexible principle, brothers may be united or divided; fathers and sons may live together or apart. Further, during his or her lifetime a Ju/′hoan may live at many waterholes with many different groups. Given their flexible lifestyle, and lac
What characterizes the traditional American family?
Describe how these family patterns have changed as a result of globalization, industrialization, political developments (one child policy child in china etc)
Getting married is a collective process, describe the central importance of linage (endogamous/exogamous), the negotation process, the role of the extended family mamebers and the different types of marriages.
The anthropoligical definition of family and kin groups
What is a lineage?
group o findividuals tracing descent from a common ancestor
What is a clan?
a group of close-knit and interrelated families
Explain the different kinds of descents and their implications for kin relationships for those of Gabero in North Mali?
