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Anthropology > Week 4 - Human Origins > Flashcards

Week 4 - Human Origins Flashcards

1
Q

What is hominid?

A

the zoological family that includes fossil and living humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and their common ancestors.

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2
Q

What is hominin?

A

A member of the human lineage after its split from ancestral chimps; used to describe all the human species that ever have existed, including the extinct ones, but excluding chimps and gorillas.

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3
Q

What is the main criteria for hominin classification?

A

Bipedialism (the way the animal moves), teeth, and tools.

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4
Q

What is bipedalism?

A

a form of terrestrial locomotion where an animal moves by means of its two rear (or lower) limbs or legs

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5
Q

What is australopithecus?

A

A fossil bipedal primate with both ape-like and human characteristics, found in Pliocene and Lower Pleistocene deposits (c.4 million to 1 million years old) in Africa. Included erect walking apes

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6
Q

What is paranthropus?

A

a name often applied to robust fossil hominids first found in South Africa in 1938.

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7
Q

What is homo habilis?

A

Extinct species of human (handyman). Short and robust, height no more then 4’-3”. Protruding face with prominent cheekbones. Long arms but shorter legs

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8
Q

What is homo erectus?

A

Extinct species of human (upright man). Taller and slender average height was 5’-10”. Flatter face with less prominent cheekbones. Slender arms and legs longer then modern humans.

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9
Q

What is Neanderthals?

A

Western Europe and the Middle East
Particularly adapted to the cold
150,000 to 30,000 ya

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10
Q

What is the Denisovan?

A

Cousins to the Neandertals
400,000 to 50,000 ya

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11
Q

What is Homo floresiensis?

A

Tiny people who inhabited Flores (Indonesia)
700,000 to at least 60,000 ya

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12
Q

What is Homo sapiens?

A

primate species to which modern humans belong.

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13
Q

What are Anatomically Modern Humans?

A

characterized by the lighter build of their skeletons compared to earlier humans

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14
Q

Describe the chronology of hominin remains discovered from the 1920s to the present.

A

Chimpanzee
Ardipithecus
Australopithecus
Homo erectus
Human

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15
Q

Where were strategic sites for finding fossils?

A
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16
Q

What is the discovery of Lucy?

A

Most popular species of Australopithecus afarensis - Lucy which was a skeleton found in the year 1976 dating back to 3.2 million years ago.

17
Q

What is the theory of the East Side Story?

A

Thoughts that humans emerged in The Rift Valley in Africa. its discovery is the first proof or a more widespread distribution of the earliest hominins.

18
Q

How has the theory of East Side Story been challenged by the discovery of Toumai and Ororin?

A

Toumai - 7 million year old skull was found, many anthropologists agree that the skull was an early hominid while others suggest it was nothing more then an ancient ape.

19
Q

What is the chronology of human evolution, from about 7 million years ago to the present

A

???? - Do you have this in your notes?

20
Q

What is Homo antecessor?

A

is an extinct species of archaic human recorded in the Spanish Sierra de Atapuerca, a productive archaeological site, from 1.2 to 0.8 million years ago during the Early Pieistocene.

21
Q

What is Homo heidelbergensis?

A

extinct species for archaic humans known from fossils dating from 600,000 to 2000,000 years ago in Africa, Europe and Asia.

22
Q

What are Homo floresiensis?

A

an extinct species of small archaic human that inhabited the island of Flores, Indonesia, until the arrival of modern humans about 50,000 years ago.

23
Q

What are the discoveries in Morocco and Israel?

A

Earliest human remains.

24
Q

Who was/is a hominin and who is not?

A

Any species considered to be more closely related to humans than chimpanzees are called hominins.

25
Q

What is bipedalism and teeth?

A

main criteria for hominin classification

26
Q

What is Oldowan tools?

A

The simplest manufactured stone tools were discovered in 1931

Anthropology (9 decks)

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