Week 9 - Environmental Flashcards
Show me the table on Acute Mountain Sickness - High Altitude Cerebral/Pulmonary Edema
What is High Altitude Pulmonary Edema?
In normal lungs, air sacs (alveoli) take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide. In high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), it’s theorized
that vessels in the lungs constrict, causing increased pressure. This causes fluid to
leak from the blood vessels to the lung tissues and
eventually into the air sacs.
Demographics on Drownings
What are the highest fatalities?
2/3 in less than 30 year olds
Demographics on Drownings
Young Children?
Teens & Young Adults
Inability to swim
Lack of supervision
Lack of fencing / locks (access)
Pools
Bathtubs
Naturally curious
Alcohol
Seizures
Trauma
Inability to swim
Exhaustion
Scuba
Mammalian Diving Reflex - Sudden Cold Water Immersion
What is it?
wetness within the nasal cavity and other areas of the face supplied by the fifth (V) cranial nerve (the trigeminal nerve) relay the information to the brain.[1] The tenth (X) cranial nerve, (the vagus nerve) – part of the autonomic nervous system – then produces bradycardia and other neural pathways elicit peripheral vasoconstriction, restricting blood from limbs and all organs to preserve blood and oxygen for the heart and the brain (and lungs), concentrating flow in a heart–brain circuit and allowing the animal to conserve oxygen
Children tend to survive longer than adults when
deprived of oxygen unde
In humans, the diving reflex is not induced when limbs are introduced to cold water. Mild bradycardia is caused by subjects holding their breath without submerging the face in
water.[10][11] When breathing with the face submerged, the diving response increases proportionally to decreasing water temperature.[8] However, the greatest bradycardia effect is induced when the subject is holding their breath with their face wetted.[10] Apnea with nostril and facial cooling are triggers of this reflex
Drowning Survival
If it’s not a code 5 then resuscitate if the submerson was less than 60min
What are the Scuba Contraindications?
What are the scuba diving emergencies?
Asthma
COPD
Seizures
Sinus & ear diseases
Vertigo
Syncope
Panic Disorder
Improper or Inadequate Training
Decompression Illness
Nitrogen Narcosis
Pneumomediastinum
Over-Pressurization Syndrome
What is pulmonary barotrauma?
Mechanism of pulmonary barotrauma in a diver
breathing compressed gas and ascending while
holding his breath
What is Nitrogen Narcosis
What the common presentation and S+S?
Nitrogen narcosis can be prevented in different
ways. Limiting the depth of a dive is one of the least invasive. It is agreed upon that the maximum depth limit for a diver to use compressed air is 30 to 50 meters. Beyond this, a gas mixture other than air is suggested for use to prevent nitrogen narcosis.
Most divers describe nitrogen narcosis as
feeling like they’re uncomfortably drunk or
dazed. People with nitrogen narcosis often
appear that way to others too.
Common symptoms of nitrogen narcosis
include:
▪ poor judgement
▪ short-term memory loss
▪ trouble concentrating
▪ a sense of euphoria
▪ disorientation
▪ reduced nerve and muscle function
▪ hyperfocusing on a specific area
▪ hallucinations
▪ More severe cases can also cause someone
to go into a coma or even die.
What is trench foot caused by?
prolonged exposure to damp, cold, unsanitary conditions
What are the ways to get tetanus?
Wounds contaminated with dirt, poop (feces),
or spit (saliva).
Wounds caused by an object puncturing the
skin (puncture wounds), like a nail or needle.
Burns
Crush injuries
Injuries with dead tissue
2 in 10 can cause fatal disease for those not
vaccinated
