ECG's Flashcards
Leads
What are the Lateral Leads and what on he heart do they visualize?
Lead 1
Lead aVL
V5
V6
All viewing the circumflex artery
Leads
What are the Anterior Leads and what part of the heart do they view?
V3 + V4
Both viewing the right coronary artery
Leads
What are the Septal Leads and what part of the heart are they viewing?
V1 + V2
Both viewing the left anterior descending artery
Leads
What are the Inferior Leads and what part of the heart do they view?
Lead II
Lead III
Lead AVF
All viewing the right coronary artery
Leads
What is lead aVR?
lead aVR is the augmented unipolar right arm lead and may be considered as looking into the cavity of the heart from the right shoulder.
It follows that all normally upright deflections on the ECG will, under normal circumstances, be negative in this lead
What are the CAUSES of ST-elevation?
What are the causes of hypercalcemia?
ECG’s
What are you wary of when converting Afib?
Throwing a clot - the same bloos keeps circulating in the same area
ECG’s
What does a flipped P-wave in V2 mean?
What should you always do before palcing the wires?
Check the placement of the wires
Label the wires/check the labels are correct
ECG’s
Teach me about Axis Deviation
ECG’s
What are the medications that affect the CARDIAC action potential?
ECG’s
How many squares should be on the left hand side of the 12-lead?
For calibration
2 squares
ECG’s
What is a normal axis?
When leads 1 and 2 are up
ECG’s
What does depression mean?
What should you do if V2 and V3 have depression?
Potential reciprocal changes
Ischemia
Set up a 15-lead to check for elevation on the other side
ECG’s
What are the causes of Right Axis Deviation?
What should you do?
Mechanical shifts from inspiration, emphysema
RVH
RBBB
Left posterior hemiblock
WPW syndrome (wolf-parkinson white)
Pulmonary embolism
Arrnythmias
Check wire placemnt
Ventricular Rhythms eg. VT, AIVR, Ventricular ectopy
Hyperkaliemia
Severe Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
ECG’s
What rythym is it if there are upsidedown or NO p-waves
A junctional rythym
ECG’s
What are the causes of Left Axis Deviation?
Normal Variation
Mechanical shidts from expiration, acities, abnormal tumors, high diaphragm from preg, obesity
Left anterior hemiblock
LBBB
WPW syndrome
Hyperkalemia
ECG’s
Why are bundle branch blocks important?
If you have a known LBBB it’s a STMEI-mimic meaning it meets the STEMI-bypass protocol.
ECG’s
What width does the QRS have to be greater than in order to check for BUNDLE BRANCH BLOCKS?
0.10 or 3 lil squares
ECG’s
What is an LBBB in terms of leads?
what’s positive and negative?
Left hand v6
Right hand V1
(right up, left down = RBBB
Show me LBBB vs RBBB on the ECG
What rhythms would there be no or near to no bloodflow?
Asystole
Ventricular Fibrillation
Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia
Torsade de Points (Polymorphic V-Tach)
PEA
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
How to diagnose LVH on ECG?
What is the pathophysiology?
- S wave depth in V1 + the tallest R wave height in V5-V6 GREATER than 35mm
The left ventricle hypertrophies in response to pressure overload secondary to conditions such as aortic stenosis and hypertension
STEMI Mimic - Benign Early Repolarization (BER)
What positve findings support the diagnosis of BER?
What do S and J waves look like?
What are the negative findings (meaing it cannot be BER)?
S wave OR J wave in V2 & V3
V2 has neither an S wave or a J wave
V3 has neither an S wave or a J wave
J wave
Also called the osborne waves, they are commonly seen in patients that are ?
Show me J points and the osbore wave
Hypothermic
J - wave
What are the differentials for non-hypothermic osborne waves?
It’s less common in patients that are GREATER than ?
Hypercalcaemia
Acute myocardial Iscgaemia
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
Left ventricular hypertrophy due to hypertension
Normal varient and early repolarization
Neurological insults - intracranial hypertension, severe head injury, subarachnoid hemorrhage
Sever myocarditis
Brugada Syndrome
Le syndrome D’Haissaguerre
50y/o
