Week 9: Biological psychology: biology of thermoregulation and eating behaviour in humans Flashcards
_______________ is the regulation of body temperature, usually within a specific range.
Thermoregulation
________ can regulate their body temperature via metabolic processes (‘warm blooded’ animals, including humans).
Endotherms
_________ animals can stay active in cold weather, but they need more energy to heat their bodies and therefore need more food.
Endothermic
__________ have a body temperature that is influenced by the external environment (incorrectly known as ‘cold blooded’).
Ectotherms
__________ animals do not need energy to heat themselves but as a result they are inactive in cold weather.
Ectothermic
If an animal has a low metabolic rate it is a __________.
ectoterm
If an animal has a high and very stable internal temperature it is an _______.
endoterm
What of the following is NOT a natural insulator?
Fur
Teeth
Blubber
Feathers
Eyes
Hair
Colouration
Teeth and eyes
In a colder environment, an animals’ metabolism
________ to __________
their internal body temperature.
increases, raise
Which of the following are instances of behavioural thermoregulation?
Timing of activities
Cooling techniques (eg. panting)
Hibernation
Posture
Torpor
Timing of activities
Hibernation
Standing in water
Torpor
In order to stop things such as overheating, the human body has several ways of regulating temperature. Which of the below help with thermoregulation?
Vasoconstriction
Coughing
Sneezing
Sweating
Increase activity
Decrease activity
Shivering
Vasoconstriction
Sweating
Increase activity
Decrease activity
Shivering
__________ provides carbohydrates, proteins, & fats for metabolism
Eating
_______ rate changes with age, sex, body fat, activity & diet
Metabolic
__________ is used for body heat & work: transport, synthesis, storage
Energy
Hypothalamic ______ _______ controls heat homeostasis.
THERMOREGULATORY CENTER
_________ regulates anabolic cell activities & glucose uptake in cells
Insulin
Maintaining _________ takes approximately 50% of our energy
controls heat homeostasis
homeostasis
COUNTERCURRENT HEAT EXCHANGE
Warm and cold blood flow in opposite directions
to regulate the temperature (arteries & veins)
* Usually around the brain/head region
Behavioural thermoregulation occurs through:
___________ (e.g. lizard increases temperature by “spread eagle”
posture on top of a hot rock)
__________ (e.g. turning its back to the sun)
microclimate
orientation
Torpor, hibernation, estivation, Timing of activities, “Cooling off” techniques are examples of ________ thermoregulation.
behavioural
Reduced metabolic activity and body temperature for
less than a day (endotherm)- governed by circadian
rhythm, ________ or mini hibernation.
torpor
During torpor animals stop foraging. True/False
False
Animals continue foraging
During hibernation animals usually do not forage but rely on energy
stores (food caches or body energy reserves). True/False
True
Long-term torpor (can be 6 months) occurring in the
winter months (endotherms & ectotherms), to
conserve energy.
Hibernation