Week 9 Adverse Childhood Experiences Flashcards

Question

Explain enteral nutrtition

Answer 1

refers to the delivery of liquid nutrition into the upper intestinal tract via a tube - tube feeding may be used in addition to or instead of oral intake - tube feeding may be a short or long term therapy - enteral nutrition is the preferred method of feeding for a client who has a functioning intestinal tract but needs nutritional support

Answer 2

- aspiration: this can lead to pneumonia, ARDS, or death - bacterial growth - other complications: diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, nasopharyngeal trauma, alterations in drug absorption and metabolism, and various metabolic disturbances

Answer 3

Radiographic (x-ray) verification is the most reliable method for confirming tube placement and must be performed before the first feeding is administered

Answer 4

Regular diet: - Also referred to as a general or normal diet - Purpose is to provide a well-balanced diet and ensure that individuals who do not require dietary modifications receive adequate nutrition - based on the dietary guidelines and the food guide pyramid, it incorporates a wide variety of foods and adequate caloric intake Mechanical Soft Diet: - consists of foods soft in texture, moderately low in fiber (clients at risk for constipation) and processed by chopping, grinding or pureeing to be easier to chew - most milk products, tender meats, mashed potatoes, tender veggies, and fruits and their juices are included in the diet - most raw fruits and veggies, seeds, nuts, and dried fruits are excluded Clear liquid diet: - leaves little residue in the GI tract - this short term diet provides clear liquids that supply fluid and calories without residue - it is often used with acute illness, before and after surgery, and other procedures such as x-ray or CT scan - it includes coffee, tea, clear juices, gelatin and clear broth

Answer 5

Full liquid diet: - as a transition between clear liquid and a soft or regular diet, this plan provides easily tolerated foods - the diet includes milk, strained and creamed soups, grits, creamed cereal, and fruit and vegetable juices GI soft diet: - can serve as a transition between a full liquid and a regular diet by providing foods low in fiber and soft in texture - most raw fruits and veggies, nuts, seeds, coarse breads, and certain cereals are avoided - milk, lean meats, fish, most forms of potatoes, and white breads are served on this diet plan Low residue/low fiber diet: - limits intake around ten grams of fiber daily - designed to minimize the frequency and volume of residue in the intestinal tract Salt Restricted (low sodium) diet: - usually prescribed for patients with HTN and for those with excess fluid accumulations - intake of commercially prepared foods such as cured or smoke meats, canned veggies, and regular soups as well as buttermilk, salt and salty foods are limited or avoided - white milk, fresh or frozen meats, unsalted veggies, fruits and low sodium foods are included

Answer 6

Fat Restricted Diet: - often prescribed for patients with GI disorders or excessive body weight - limits the intake of fatty food such as margarine, mayonnaise, dressings, oils and gravies - usually includes whole wheat breads, lean cuts of meat, skim milk, low fat cheese products, eggs, veggies, and other food items prepared without extra fat Cholesterol restricted diet: - lowering blood cholesterol can reduce the risk of heart disease - cholesterol is found only in foods of animal origin - certain oats, beans, and fruits are actually effective at lowering cholesterol levels in the body - A cholesterol restricted diet limits the intake of meats, poultry, fried foods, egg yolks and whole milk products - food high in saturated fat and trans fatty acids such as palm kernel oil, coconut oil, margarine, and shortening are also limited - diet includes skim milk, lean meats, fruits, vegetable, and whole grain products Vegetarian diet: - varies widely depending on personal choice - some variations designed to be lower in cholesterol and saturated fat and higher in dietary fiber; hence, it may be helpful in the prevention of heart disease and cancer risk

Answer 7

Consistent Carbohydrate Diet: - diet varies from client to client depending on the type and intensity of the diabetes, the patients' personal history, and individual nutrient needs - the exchange list for meal planning established the serving size amount of carbs per meal based on calorie recommendations - meals are basically like those found on a regular menu, but carbs servings are carefully controlled and small snacks may be included in the meal plan - carbs are starches, starchy veggies, juice, fruit, milk, and sugars Renal Diet: - is carefully planned with special consideration of nutrients, and it is often adjusted as kidney disease progresses - a renal diet may serve the purpose of attempting to slow down the process of renal dysfunction - if dialysis treatments are not being taken, the provider may restrict protein intake of foods such as potatoes, tomatoes, oranges, and bananas - a phosphorous restriction may limit the intake of milk and dairy products, dried beans and peas, while grain breads and cereals coffee, tea and dark colored soda beverages

Answer 8

- calorie-restricted: for clients requiring weight reduction - protein-controlled diet: to manage liver and kidney disease - ketogenic diet: to treat difficult to control epilepsy; effective for weight loss, insulin control and may have role in treating cancer and neurologic disorders (migraines, Alzheimer's) - antigen avoidance diets: for clients allergic to or intolerant of certain foods, such as gluten free diet for clients with celiac disease - calorie protein push: used when there is a need to heal wounds, maintain or increase weight, or promote growth; if the person cannot consume enough kcal by adding fats and proteins to his/her regular diet, high calorie, high protein supplements may be used