Week 4 Growth and Development Flashcards
define growth
define development
growth: physical changes that occur over time
development: process of adapting to one’s environment over time
What is the proximodistal pattern
what is an example
begins at the center of the body and moves outward
an infant begins to focus his/her eyes, then lifts head, later pushes up and rolls over
Who developed the developmental task theory and what is the basic concept of it
Havighurst; learning is lifelong process and failure to master a task leads to difficulty mastering future tasks and interacting with others
Who developed the psychoanalytic theory
what is the basic concept of it
Freud
personality consists of id, ego, and superego
Who developed the cognitive development theory
what is the basic concept of it
piaget
3 stages: adaptation, assimilation and accommodation which a child must complete before moving on to the next stage
Who developed the psychosocial development theory
what is the basic concept of it
Erikson
individuals negotiate 8 stages as the progress through life span
What stage are infants in according to Erikson
What do they experience at this stage?
trust vs. mistrust
if needs are dependable met, infants develop a sense of basic trust
what stage are early childhood children in according to Erikson
what do they experience at this stage
autonomy vs. shame and doubt
toddlers learn to exercise will and do things for themselves, or they doubt their abilities
what stage are preschoolers in according to erikson
what do they experience at this stage
initiative vs guilt
preschoolers learn to initiate tasks and carry out plans, or they feel guilty about efforts to be independent
what stage are school aged children in according to erikson
what do they experience at this stage
industry vs. inferiority
Children learn the pleasure of applying themselves to tasks, or they feel inferior
what stage are adolescents in according to erikson
what do they experience at this stage
identity vs. role confusion
teenagers work at refining a sense of self by testing roles and then integrating them to form a single identity or they become confused about who they are
What stage are young adults in according to erikson
what do they experience at this stage
intimacy vs. isolation
young adults struggle to form close relationships and to gain the capacity for intimate love, or they feel socially isolated
What stage are middle adults in
what do they experience at this stage
generativity vs. stagnation
the middle aged discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually through family and work, or they may feel a lack of purpose
According to erikson, what happens during maturity (older adult) phase
ego integrity vs. despair
when reflecting on his or her life, the older adult may feel a sense of satisfaction or failure
Who developed the moral development theory
lawrence kohlberg and carol gilligan
Who developed the spirtual development theory
what is the basic concept of it
Fowler
theory of faith development
What weeks are considered the embryonic phase
the first 8 weeks
When does the embryo become a fetus
by the end of the 8th week after all the organs are formed
What happens during the second trimester
rapid fetal growth and further development of the body systems
What are teratogens
what are examples
substances that interfere with normal growth and development
Ex: alcohol, nicotine, morphine, cocaine, crack, methamphetamine
What are some of the potential risks that maternal age can present with both adolescents and over 40
Adolescence = preterm birth, low birth weight and fetal death is higher
over 40 = risk of fetal death and trisomy 21 and other congenital anomalies increase each year over age 35 especially after 42
