Week 1 Introduction to Nursing Flashcards
What are some of the images of nursing that we discussed. Be able to explain each
angel of mercy (older, religious perspective) battle-ax Handmaiden military image nurse as professional
What did Florence Nightingale do other than being the founder of modern nursing
Pioneer in the areas of statistics and sanitation
What war launched the profession of nursing in the US
the Civil war
Who was Dorothea Dix
Superintendent of Army nurses during the civil war
Who was Susie Taylor and what was her background
First African American Army Nurse
Born into slavery and had to attend school in secret
What did Clara Barton do
Found and first president of the American Red Cross
Who was Mary Elizabeth Mahoney
First African American to study and work as a professionally trained nurse
What are some of the educational paths that nurses can take according to the text
Formal education: practical nurse, registered nurse (diploma programs, ADNs), continuing education
Informal education
Benner’s model
Explain the 5 stages of the Benner’s Model
Stage 1: Novice (new grad) Stage 2: Advanced beginner (=approx. 5 years of practice) Stage 3: competence Stage 4: proficient Stage 5: Expert
Define critical thinking
Combination of reasoned thinking, openness to alternatives, an ability to reflect and desire to seek truth
Clicker question The most correct definition of critical thinking is:
A: a problem solving process that enable one to show others they are wrong
B. An examination of one’s own beliefs in order to defend them intelligently
C. Purposeful, analytical thinking that results in a reasoned decision
D. Rational thinking that results in obtaining the one correct answer
C. Purposeful, analytical thinking that results in a reasoned decision
What are types of nursing knowledge? Give examples of each
- Theoretical: knowing why (didactic)
- Practical: knowing what (simulation and labs)
- self-knowledge
- ethical
Clicker question
True or false
College courses, such as microbiology and human growth and development, present content that is considered part of theoretical nursing knowledge
True
What is the definition of the nursing process
A systematic, patient centered, goal oriented method of caring that provides a framework for nursing practice
What are the 5 steps of the nursing process and what is included in each
- Assess - collecting, validating communicating data
- Diagnose - response to health/illness issue
- Plan - specifying goals/outcomes and interventions
- Implement - carry out plan
- Evaluation - measuring extent that goal achieved
Clicker questions
When gathering admission assessment data, the nurse obtains a weight of 200 pounds. The client states, “I’ve never weighed that much!” What should the nurse do
A. explain to the client how weight gain works
B. Check the calibration and re-weight the client
C. Document the weight as 200 pounds
D. Instruct the UAP to re-weigh the client in 2 hrs
B. Check the calibration and re-weigh the client.
We have to trust what the client says. If they don’t weigh that you can say “oh okay let me check my equipment”
Clicker question
A client’s activity level has decreased after hip replacement surgery. The client has been receiving opioid analgesia and has decreased fluid intake. Which type of diagnosis will the nurse choose?
A. Risk
B. Syndrom
C. Actual
D. Possible
A. Risk
We use 2 different types of diagnosis: risk and actual
Explain what an actual nursing diagnosis is and how you would write it
Actual (problem-focused)
- First two parts:
- patient’s problem
- “related to” - related factor, at-risk populations, associated conditions (why did it occur?)
- Third part:
- “as evidence by (AEB) - defining characteristic
- What were the things that told me what was going on with my patient
Ex: Excess fluid volume related to excess sodium intake AEB edema (2+ lower extremities)
Explain what an “at risk” nursing diagnosis is and how you would write it
At risk (vulnerability to health conditions/life processes)
- Only two parts
- Patient’s problem
- “related to” - related factor, at-risk populations, associated conditions
*NOTE - At risk has not manifested (hasn’t happened yet)
Ex: Risk for falls related to acute illness
Clicker
The client has reddened skin and an open abrasion on the elbow from prolonged bedrest. When examining the component of the nursing diagnosis impaired skin integrity, what would be the reddened skin and open abrasion?
A. related factors
B. risk factors
C. defining characteristics
D. Diagnostic label
C. Defining characteristics
Clicker
Which statement is a priority nursing diagnosis?
A. impaired verbal communication related to altered central nervous system
B. Fluid volume excess related to compromised regulatory mechanism
C. Impaired physical mobility related to discomfort
D. Activity intolerance related to generalized weakness
B. Fluid volume excess related to compromised regulatory mechanism
“By the end of this shift, patient’s lower extremities will edema rated at 2+ or less”
Is this an example of a short term goal or long term goal? why?
short term
it is related to a physiological response
A short term goal should be related to what
some kind of physiological response
“By the time of discharge, patient will identify at least two strategies to decrease sodium intake to 1500mg/day”
Is this an example of a short term or long term goal? why?
long term
This shows that education has been presented to patient to prevent further acute illness
Why do you want education to be part of the long term goal
to prevent further acute illness or repeat acute illness
clicker
Identify the client outcome/goal that is written correctly:
A. The client’s urine output will be adequate by the end of the shift
B. The client’s pneumonia will be resolved as evidence by clear breath sound bilaterally by discharge
C. The client will ambulate 20 feet in the hallway using his walker by evening shift tomorrow
D. The client will drink more fluids than he did yesterday by 7:00 pm today
C. The client will ambulate 20 feet in the hallway using his walker by evening shift tomorrow
clicker
Identify the long term goal
A. Client’s pulse oxygenation level will be greater than 92% on room air by tomorrow
B. Client will administer his own insulin using correct technique by discharge
C. Client’s pressure ulcer will show presence of granulation tissue in 30 days
D. Client’s urine output will be 400mL per 8 hour shift within 72 hours
C. Client’s pressure ulcer will show presence of granulation tissue in 30 days
What are independent nursing interventions? What are some examples?
Things I can do on my own based on my knowledge
Ex: encourage fluid, raising head of bed, encouraging coughing
What are dependent nursing interventions? What are some examples?
Actions that I will do on my own but have been written by a doc
ex: Patient’s mobility schedule, the diet needs, prescribed medications
What are collaborative nursing interventions? What are some examples
These are drive by the nurse assessment but completed by a provider
Ex: You see patient has a fever but no prescribed fever medications, you collaborate with provider and have antipyogenic meds prescribed
Clicker
The nurse teaches the client how to change his ostomy appliance. Of which type of intervention is this an example?
A. indirect care
B. independent
C. Dependent
D. Collaborative
B. Independent
What are the 5 rights of delegating?
Right task Right circumstance Right person Right direction/communication Right supervision/evaluation
“Nurse will use the teach-back method to assess patient’s understanding of reading food labels”
“Nurse will review the use of a food diary and give patient template”
What part of the nursing process are these statements examples of
intervention
Clicker
The nurse has identified the nursing diagnosis Risk for Aspiration for a client with a swallowing disorder. What should the nurse do when deciding which feeding technique will prevent aspiration?
A. Ask the UAP, who has 20 years of experience
B. Perform an internet search on the topic
C. Ask the provider to write a prescription with specific instructions
D. Search for evidence-based, clinical practice guidelines
D. Search for evidence-based, clinical practice guidelines
“Met - patient accurately interpreted sodium content on food label’s of four different foods”
“Unmet - patient requested that spouse be present; however, he did not arrive. Will provide template with discharge papers.”
What part of the nursing process are these statements an example of?
Evaluation
Clicker
The nurse reviews care need for a group of clients. Which task is inappropriate to assign to the UAP?
A. Make sure a client takes his pills after his meal
B. Ambulate a post-surgical client to the bathroom
C. Bathe a client who is listed as a fall risk.
D. Feed a client with severe visual impairment
A. Make sure a client takes his pills after his meal
Clicker
The nurse has determined that the goal for a particular nursing diagnosis on the client’s plan of care has not been met. What is the most important for the nurse to do?
A. Report this finding to the provider
B. Note this finding in the client’s record
C. Revise the plan of care
D. Remove the nursing diagnosis from the plan
C. Revise the plan of care
As a nursing theorist, what was Florence Nightingale most known for
Environmental adaptation theory of practice
What was Madeleine Leininger most known for
Transcultural nursing
What was Hildegard Peplau known for
Interpersonal relationship/communication
What was Margaret Newman known for
Interacting with the environment
What was Martha Rogers known for
Science of Unitary Human Beings
What is Betty Neuman known for
The system model
Total person as on open system
What was Dorothea Orem known for
Self-Care Deficit Model
What was Sister Callista Roy known for
Adaptation Model
Nurse as a change agent
What was Jean Watson known for
Theory of Human caring
Caring promotes health and growth
What is the difference between intrapersonal and interpersonal communication
intrapersonal = self talk
Interpersonal = talk between you and a few others (1 or 2)
What does SOLER stand for regarding patient communication
S - sit facing client O - observe open posture L - lean towards client E - establish, maintain eye contact R - relax
Clicker
What accomplishment is Clara Barton best known for?
A. Becoming the first black public health nurse
B. Establishing the Henry Street settlement
C. Founding the American Red Cross
D. Publicizing the inadequacies of hospital based nursing schools
C. founding the American Red Cross
Clicker Question
This part of the nursing process (ADPIE) involves critical thinking skills and the collection of data (subjective and objective)
A. Assessment B. Diagnosis C. Planning D. Implementation E. evaluation
A. Assessment
This part of the nursing process (ADPIE) is where goals and outcomes that directly impact/client care are formulated
A. assessment B. diagnosis C. planning D. implementation E. Evaluation
C. Planning
