Week 9: Adolescence (13-15) Flashcards
TODAY’S DISCUSSION
Physical
Cognitive
Language
Information Processing ADHD
Social
Turn Key Kid
12-15 YEARS
ADOLESCENCE
TODAY’S DISCUSSION
Physical
Health
Thinking and memory Information processing Self-concept Personality
Learning outcome
After completing this week’s readings, lectures and activities, students will be able to:
Describe Physical development at this age
Examine Thinking and Memory at this age
Explain Information Processing
Describe Self-Concept and Personality development
Create examples of moral development
Critique smoking statistics
FILL IT OUT ONCE YOU REALLY KNOW EACH
Physical changes
-When we think of physical changes in adolescence we tend to think about the reproductive system
-Changes in the reproductive system are important but other major changes occur as well
SEXUAL MATURATION
-girls who develop earlier have no more problems with self-esteem/academics, and fewer behavioural problems than their later-developing peers
-the earlier the boys develop, the more positive their body image, the better they do in school, the less trouble they get into, and the
more friends they have
SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR
the rate of Canadian teen girls/boys having sexual intercourse before 15 years has declined by 1/3 since the mid 1990s and sits at ~9%
MALES WHO HAVE SEX EARLY
-living in low SES neighborhoods with low parental involvement, have families who condone sexual activity, have lax dating rules, are more likely to use alcohol, were abused or neglected in childhood
FEMALES WHO HAVE SEX EARLY
experienced earlier menarche, low interest in school, dated at an early age, have history of sexual abuse
FEMALES WHO HAVE SEX EARLY
experienced earlier menarche, low interest in school, dated at an early age, have history of sexual abuse
Sexual activity
alcohol is a major contributed to adolescence sex
IF ALCOHOL IS A MAJOR CONTRIBUTOR WHAT DOES THAT CALL INTO QUESTION?
Tea consent
-hey would you like a cup of tea if they do not drink it you do not need to make them drink it
Sexual Behaviour
-greater the number of risk factors the greater the likelihood that they will be sexually active
-sexual activity is predicted by moral beliefs about sex
-sexual activity is lower in those who are involved in sports/other activities
SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR
-no scientific research has shown that abstinence-only sex education programs significantly increase the delay of first intercourse or reduce the prevalence of sexual behaviour in teens
-making condoms more readily available to teenagers does not increase their rate of sexual activity but it does increase the use of condoms by teenagers who are readily sexually activity
-the large majority of Canadian parents believe that sex education that provides explicit information on topics such as reproduction, birth control, STI/AIDS prevention, relationships, sexual orientation, sexual abuse, and societal beliefs about sexual morals is vitally important and should be provided in schools
The brain
two major brain spurts- the first is between 13-15 years, when the cerebral cortex becomes thicker and the neuronal pathways becomes more efficient
HEALTH
for most individuals, adolescence is one of the healthiest periods in life as adolescences gain independence, they encounter numerous health risks
HEALTH CARE ISSUES
invincibility complex the belief that bad things will not happen to them
-increased levels of sensation seeking which leads to recklessness which in turn leads to accidents/injuries
-understand risk to there people but not themselves, they like to imagine that their own chances are lower, higher injuries because they are to confident abou the wrong things, they can imagine that they are going to be ok, small spike
Hospitalization Among Adolescents
-Hospitalization rates among adolescents sits at roughly 4.5% in Canada-
-Majority of admission are for acute care needs… but what about those with chronic health care challenges
HOSPITALS AND TEENS
-Rapid development and more sophisticated thought processes allow for more adult decision making but they are not yet adults
-During hospitalizations teens experience loss of control, anxiety, powerlessness, and loss of independence
-Not conducive to health and healing
-Hospitalization and teens have a rapid development because they want to make those decisions but not adult, as their thought process progresses, loss of control and high anxiety and become dependent, teens are at this weird spot where they do not fit with spots or children
-they want to be like adults
-with often c
THINKING AND MEMORY
-in adolescence… most people become capable of several types of thought that were impossible at earlier stages
Formal operational stage in the fourth stage (piaget) is when adolescents learn to reason logically about abstract concepts
Systematic problem solving is the ability to search methodically, for the answer to a problem
-they do not use trial and error anymore
LOGIC
hypothetico-deductive reasoning-
the ability to derive conclusions from hypothetical premises
LOGIC
Naive idealism
-the mental construct of an ideal world as compared to the real world
They want 100 but got 60 but start to have a better understanding grasp to think theotetically and connects to invisibility concepts
CHANGES OVER TIME
two characteristics separate adolescents from younger children
1.tendency to exaggerate others’ reactions to one’s own behaviour
2. tendency to base decisions on unrealistic ideas about the future
Understanding INFORMATION PROCESSING
by 14/15 meta cognitive and meta memory skills far exceed those of younger children
SCHOOLING AS A CENTRAL FORCE IN ADOLESCENT’S LIVES
students show achievement and self-esteem declines when transitioning to secondary school
TASK GOALS
based on personal standards and the desire for competence associated with a greater sense of personal control and positive attitudes about school
ABILITY GOALS
-define success in competitive terms
- students may adopt relative standards- good means beating someone else
-5th grade task goals but by 6th grade adolescents switch to ability goals
PERSONALITY
-teenagers acquire a sense of who they actually are as individuals
-cultural plays an important role in the transition from child to adult
FREUD
genital stage
FREUD
genital stage- period during which people reach psychosexual maturity
ERIKSON
identity vs role confusion-
identity crisis-
ERIKSON
identity vs role confusion- the stage during which adolescents attain a sense of who they are
identity crisis- psychological state of emotional turmoil that arises when a sense of self becomes ‘unglued’ so that a new, more mature sense of self can be achieved
SELF CONCEPT
SELF CONCEPT
thinking becomes more abstract in adolescence, thus teenagers self-concepts are a lot more complex than those of younger children
SELF-ESTEEM
Positive
overall rise in self-esteem through adolescence which continues through early adulthood
SELF-ESTEEM
Factors
many factors act on a teens self-esteem such as personal characteristics, relationships, lifestyle factors and acheivements
SELF-ESTEEM
High SE
associated with positive developmental outcomes (resist peer pressure, achieve higher grades)
Low SE is associated with poorer mental health, physical health and suicidal thinking
MORAL
DEVELOPMENT KOHLBERG- 6 STAGES
-Preconventional Reasoning- judgments are based on sources of authority- usually parents
Stage 1- punishment and obedience orientation
Stage 2- individualism, instrumental purpose, and exchange
-Conventional Reasoning- judgments are based on rules or norms of a group to which the individual belongs
Stage 3- mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and interpersonal conformity)
Stage 4- social system and conscience
-Postconventional Reasoning- judgments are based on emergence of a personal authority
Stage 5- social contract orientation
Stage 6- the universal ethics principles orientation
MORAL DEVELOPMENT
STAGES ARE…
-typically correlated with age children usually reason in stages 1/2
stages 2/3 are common in adolescences
SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS
3
Parents
Parenting Styles
Family Structures
SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS
Parents
-increase in conflict but does not signify a major disruption in the quality of the parent-child relationship
-underlying emotional attachment to parents remains strong on average
-teenagers well-being/happiness is more strongly correlated with quality of attachment to parents than peers
SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS
Parenting Styles
authoritative parenting styles is consistently associated with more positive outcomes
SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS
Family Structure
step-parents result in less well-adjusted teens and divorce tends to be more difficult for girls than boys
FRIENDSHIPS PEER INFLUENCE
-shared activities and interests continue to be important
-friendships are increasingly intimate, teens share more of their inner feelings and secrets
-loyalty and faithfulness become more valued characteristics of friendship
-adolescent friendships are more stable
ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS
11-12 YEARS
teenagers become aware of attraction to either same sex or opposite sex
