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PAR3012 - Extended Care > Week 9 > Flashcards

Week 9 Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

What are the three layers of skin

A

epidermis
dermis
subcutaneous tissue

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2
Q

what is the epidermis?

A

top layer of skin

  • keeps pathogens out and water in
  • contains melanocytes, langerhan cells and keratin cells
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3
Q

what is the pH of skin?

A

4 - 5.5

Damage to skin increases it’s pH

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4
Q

what diseases cause increased pH in skin?

A
  • eczema
  • drmatitis
  • dry skin
  • diabetes
  • CVD
  • renal failure
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5
Q

what is the dermis

A

immediately below epidermis

  • made of blood/lymph vessles/ nerves/sweat glands and hair roots
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6
Q

what does the dermis do?

A

proivides strength, mechanical support and protection to the underlying muscles

  • regulates temp
  • senses environment
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7
Q

what is the subcutaneous layer?

A

innermost layer of skin

- composed of fat, blood vessels and connective tissue

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8
Q

what does the subcutaneous layer do?

A

anchors to deep tissue

  • regulates temp
  • stores energy as fat
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9
Q

what are the 6 primary functions of skin

A
  1. supports underlying body structures
  2. temp regulation
  3. sensory organ for pain, temp and touch
  4. eliminates waste
  5. protective barrier between internal organs and external environment
  6. synthesis of vitamin D
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10
Q

what are the effects of ageing on the skin?

A
  • thinning of skin
  • increases susceptability to friction and shearing
  • irritants more readily absorbed
  • elastin fibres lost
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11
Q

What are the three rules fo healthy skin?

A
  1. keep skin clean
  2. hydrate the skin
  3. closely monitor the skin
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12
Q

what local factors may impair skin healing?

A
  • ischaemia
  • infection
  • foreign body
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13
Q

what are the systemic factors impoairung skin healing?

A
  • age and gender
  • stress
  • ischaemia
  • co-morbidituies
  • obesity
  • medications
  • alcohol and smoking
  • immunocompromised conditions
  • nutrition
  • dryness/hydration
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14
Q

What is a wound?

A

injury caused by external force involvingf tissue or organ

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15
Q

what are the various types of wounds?

A

acute
chronic
simple
compound

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16
Q

What are the different parts of the wound?

A

Wound edge
Surface
Wound cavity
Base or wound

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17
Q

what are compressive forces causing wounds?

A

blunt force trauma

- objects hitting skin at right angle

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18
Q

what are tebsile forces causing wounds?

A

results from blunt object impacting the skin at an oblique angle

  • results in triangular wound
  • sometimes makes a flap
  • more prone to infection
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19
Q

What are shear forces causing wounds?

A

result from sharp objects

  • low energy
  • minimal cell damage
  • results in straight edges, little contamination
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20
Q

what are the mechanical classifications for wounds?

A
  • abraided
  • punctured
  • incised
  • lacerated
  • bite
  • missile
  • crush
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21
Q

What are wounds caused by thermal forces?

A
  • burning

- freezing

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22
Q

What is an abraision?

A

scraped skin basically… lil bitches

caused by fraction and dragging
- not very deep

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23
Q

what is an avulsion?

A
  • heavy fast rapid bleeding with noticible loss of tissue

- cut off finger etc

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24
Q

What is a crush wound?

Study These Flashcards
A

can have irregular margins like laceration but the wound is deper

blunt force, heavy pressure

  • trauma to muscle and bone
  • heavy bleeding
25
whats an incised wound?
cused by direct sharp object eg knife - have little or profuse bleeding
26
what's a laceration?
wound is ragged edged - caused by forces causing skin to tear, rather than being cut
27
WHat is a puncture wound?
more bleeding inside - can cause tissue damage - more prone to infection
28
What sghoud you consider with bite wounds?
rabies and tetanus
29
What is a contusion?
may appear as a bruise | - can lead to compartment synrome
30
What is the new way to describe burn depth?
Superfiscial (epidermis only) Dermal Deep dermal Full thickness (third degree, all the way down to subcutaneous)
31
what is the hallmark symptoms of superfiscial dermal burns?
blisters and underneath is pink/white
32
what is the hallmark symptoms of mid dermal burns?
less painful blisters dark pink skin larger zone of necrosis
33
What symptoms will you see with a deep dermal burn?
blistring blotchy red base base of burn doesnt blanch reduced sensation
34
What is a full thickness burn | ?
all layers of skin has been destroyed white or black waxy dense and hard
35
What is the wound healing process?
Bleeding (hemostasis) Inflammatory Proliferative Remodelling
36
what are the types of wound healing?
primary intention secondary intention tertiary intention
37
What is primary intention
fastest type of healing. - smaller wounds with cleaner margins
38
What is secondary intention
would closure requireing tissue matric being built as wound edges can not close eg. infected or loss of lost of tissue
39
What is tertiary intention?
where a wound is intentionally kept open to allow oedema or infection to resolve
40
What is primary wound closure?
- dressings | - suture/staples/adhesives/tapes et
41
what are early complications for weound healing?
- Seroma - Haemotoma - wound disruption - superfiscial wound infection - deep wound infection - mixed wound infection
42
What are late complications for wound healing?
- hypertrophic scar - necrosis - inflammatory infiltration - abscesses
43
what history do you want to know in relation to wounds?
- when and where did it occur - was there alcohol and drug consumption - mechanism - circumstances - co-morbidities - vaccination against tetanus - underlying infection - has first-aid been applied - function - non-accidnetal trauma?
44
how do you examine the wound?
- location - size - shape - margins - depth - neurovascular function - vascular function - tendon function - wound contamination - symptoms? - potential for foreign body
45
What are the genral classifications iof wound severity?
- superfiscia - partial thicknes - full thickness - deep wound
46
what are secondary classifications of wounds?
- clean - clean - contaminated - contaminated - heavility contaminated
47
what should you document with chronic wounds?
measure them | - W X L X D
48
what type of characteristics do you want to document with wounds?
- is there granulation tissue | - is the tissue necrotic
49
What are the goals of wound care?
- facilitate haemostasis - decrease tissue loss - promote wound healing - minimise scar formation
50
what is the aim of dressing wounds?
establish optimum environemnt for healing | - maintaining temp, moisture, respiration
51
WHat is a semipermeable adhesive dressing?
allows gas and water to permiate, but stops other things like bacteria
52
what is a hydrocolloid dressing?
impermeable to water and gas | helps to exudate and debride the wound
53
what is an alginate dressing?
made from seaweed deriviatives absorbes noncellular components of wounds.
54
What are hydrogel dressings?
provide moisture to wound and ecourgae debridement. use on dry necrotic wounds
55
what are foam dressings?
highly absorbent to absorb large volumes of exudates
56
what are teh different types of primary wound closure?
- tissue adhesives - glues - wound must be clean and dry
57
what are the stpes to wound preparation?
- anasthesia - foreign body removal - irrigation - antibiotics - tetanus prohylaxis
58
where are staples more approriate than sutures?
head and neck closures | - offer faster healing time
59
What are the types of sutures?
- Absorbable - non absorbable - Biological - Synthetic - Monofiliament - Multifiliament

PAR3012 - Extended Care (12 decks)

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