Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PAR3012 - Extended Care > Week 9 > Flashcards

Week 9 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three layers of skin

A

epidermis
dermis
subcutaneous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the epidermis?

A

top layer of skin

  • keeps pathogens out and water in
  • contains melanocytes, langerhan cells and keratin cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the pH of skin?

A

4 - 5.5

Damage to skin increases it’s pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what diseases cause increased pH in skin?

A
  • eczema
  • drmatitis
  • dry skin
  • diabetes
  • CVD
  • renal failure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the dermis

A

immediately below epidermis

  • made of blood/lymph vessles/ nerves/sweat glands and hair roots
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does the dermis do?

A

proivides strength, mechanical support and protection to the underlying muscles

  • regulates temp
  • senses environment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the subcutaneous layer?

A

innermost layer of skin

- composed of fat, blood vessels and connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does the subcutaneous layer do?

A

anchors to deep tissue

  • regulates temp
  • stores energy as fat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the 6 primary functions of skin

A
  1. supports underlying body structures
  2. temp regulation
  3. sensory organ for pain, temp and touch
  4. eliminates waste
  5. protective barrier between internal organs and external environment
  6. synthesis of vitamin D
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the effects of ageing on the skin?

A
  • thinning of skin
  • increases susceptability to friction and shearing
  • irritants more readily absorbed
  • elastin fibres lost
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the three rules fo healthy skin?

A
  1. keep skin clean
  2. hydrate the skin
  3. closely monitor the skin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what local factors may impair skin healing?

A
  • ischaemia
  • infection
  • foreign body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the systemic factors impoairung skin healing?

A
  • age and gender
  • stress
  • ischaemia
  • co-morbidituies
  • obesity
  • medications
  • alcohol and smoking
  • immunocompromised conditions
  • nutrition
  • dryness/hydration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a wound?

A

injury caused by external force involvingf tissue or organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the various types of wounds?

A

acute
chronic
simple
compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the different parts of the wound?

A

Wound edge
Surface
Wound cavity
Base or wound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are compressive forces causing wounds?

A

blunt force trauma

- objects hitting skin at right angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are tebsile forces causing wounds?

A

results from blunt object impacting the skin at an oblique angle

  • results in triangular wound
  • sometimes makes a flap
  • more prone to infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are shear forces causing wounds?

A

result from sharp objects

  • low energy
  • minimal cell damage
  • results in straight edges, little contamination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the mechanical classifications for wounds?

A
  • abraided
  • punctured
  • incised
  • lacerated
  • bite
  • missile
  • crush
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are wounds caused by thermal forces?

A
  • burning

- freezing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is an abraision?

A

scraped skin basically… lil bitches

caused by fraction and dragging
- not very deep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is an avulsion?

A
  • heavy fast rapid bleeding with noticible loss of tissue

- cut off finger etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is a crush wound?

A

can have irregular margins like laceration but the wound is deper

blunt force, heavy pressure

  • trauma to muscle and bone
  • heavy bleeding
25
Q

whats an incised wound?

A

cused by direct sharp object eg knife

  • have little or profuse bleeding
26
Q

what’s a laceration?

A

wound is ragged edged

  • caused by forces causing skin to tear, rather than being cut
27
Q

WHat is a puncture wound?

A

more bleeding inside

  • can cause tissue damage
  • more prone to infection
28
Q

What sghoud you consider with bite wounds?

A

rabies and tetanus

29
Q

What is a contusion?

A

may appear as a bruise

- can lead to compartment synrome

30
Q

What is the new way to describe burn depth?

A

Superfiscial (epidermis only)
Dermal
Deep dermal
Full thickness (third degree, all the way down to subcutaneous)

31
Q

what is the hallmark symptoms of superfiscial dermal burns?

A

blisters and underneath is pink/white

32
Q

what is the hallmark symptoms of mid dermal burns?

A

less painful
blisters
dark pink skin
larger zone of necrosis

33
Q

What symptoms will you see with a deep dermal burn?

A

blistring
blotchy red base
base of burn doesnt blanch
reduced sensation

34
Q

What is a full thickness burn

?

A

all layers of skin has been destroyed

white or black
waxy
dense and hard

35
Q

What is the wound healing process?

A

Bleeding (hemostasis)
Inflammatory
Proliferative
Remodelling

36
Q

what are the types of wound healing?

A

primary intention
secondary intention
tertiary intention

37
Q

What is primary intention

A

fastest type of healing.

  • smaller wounds with cleaner margins
38
Q

What is secondary intention

A

would closure requireing tissue matric being built as wound edges can not close

eg. infected or loss of lost of tissue

39
Q

What is tertiary intention?

A

where a wound is intentionally kept open to allow oedema or infection to resolve

40
Q

What is primary wound closure?

A
  • dressings

- suture/staples/adhesives/tapes et

41
Q

what are early complications for weound healing?

A
  • Seroma
  • Haemotoma
  • wound disruption
  • superfiscial wound infection
  • deep wound infection
  • mixed wound infection
42
Q

What are late complications for wound healing?

A
  • hypertrophic scar
  • necrosis
  • inflammatory infiltration
  • abscesses
43
Q

what history do you want to know in relation to wounds?

A
  • when and where did it occur
  • was there alcohol and drug consumption
  • mechanism
  • circumstances
  • co-morbidities
  • vaccination against tetanus
  • underlying infection
  • has first-aid been applied
  • function
  • non-accidnetal trauma?
44
Q

how do you examine the wound?

A
  • location
  • size
  • shape
  • margins
  • depth
  • neurovascular function
  • vascular function
  • tendon function
  • wound contamination
  • symptoms?
  • potential for foreign body
45
Q

What are the genral classifications iof wound severity?

A
  • superfiscia
  • partial thicknes
  • full thickness
  • deep wound
46
Q

what are secondary classifications of wounds?

A
  • clean
  • clean - contaminated
  • contaminated
  • heavility contaminated
47
Q

what should you document with chronic wounds?

A

measure them

- W X L X D

48
Q

what type of characteristics do you want to document with wounds?

A
  • is there granulation tissue

- is the tissue necrotic

49
Q

What are the goals of wound care?

A
  • facilitate haemostasis
  • decrease tissue loss
  • promote wound healing
  • minimise scar formation
50
Q

what is the aim of dressing wounds?

A

establish optimum environemnt for healing

- maintaining temp, moisture, respiration

51
Q

WHat is a semipermeable adhesive dressing?

A

allows gas and water to permiate, but stops other things like bacteria

52
Q

what is a hydrocolloid dressing?

A

impermeable to water and gas

helps to exudate and debride the wound

53
Q

what is an alginate dressing?

A

made from seaweed deriviatives

absorbes noncellular components of wounds.

54
Q

What are hydrogel dressings?

A

provide moisture to wound and ecourgae debridement.

use on dry necrotic wounds

55
Q

what are foam dressings?

A

highly absorbent to absorb large volumes of exudates

56
Q

what are teh different types of primary wound closure?

A
  • tissue adhesives - glues - wound must be clean and dry
57
Q

what are the stpes to wound preparation?

A
  • anasthesia
  • foreign body removal
  • irrigation
  • antibiotics
  • tetanus prohylaxis
58
Q

where are staples more approriate than sutures?

A

head and neck closures

- offer faster healing time

59
Q

What are the types of sutures?

A
  • Absorbable
  • non absorbable
  • Biological
  • Synthetic
  • Monofiliament
  • Multifiliament

PAR3012 - Extended Care (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions