Week 8 Flashcards
define an infection
invasion and multiplication of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses and parasites that are not normally present on the body.
Can be subclinical - no symptoms
or clinical - symptomatic
what defines a bacterial infection?
proliferation of harmful strain of bacteria on or inside the body
What does gram-positive bacteria mean?
has a thick cell wall
what does gram-negative bacteria mean?
does not have a thick wall
what is a virus?
microorganism smaller than bacteria that can’t grow or reproduce apart from a living cell
invades living cell and uses their chemical machinery to replicate
- can mutate
what are the different categorisations of viruses?
- respiratory
- GIT
- Exanthematous
- Hepatic
- Cutaneous
- Hemorrhagic viral diseases
- Neurologic viral disease
What is a fungal infection?
single celled or multicellular organism
Can be true pathogen - cause infection in healthy individual
Can be opportunistic pathogen - causes infection in immunocompromised
What is a parasitic infection? and what are some examples of parasites
microorganisms that live off other organisms or hosts to survive
eg Malaria
ringworm, scabies, lice, lyme disease
What parastite causes the bullseye rash?
tick bite… associated with lyme disease
Define sepsis
life threatening organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated host response to infection
What is the sepsis SOFA criteria?
SBP <100
RR>22
GCS <15
What scores in the SOFA scale indicate organ dysfunction
2 or more
What is pharyngitis?
inflammation of the lining of the throat
either viral or bacterial cause
what would be the S&S differences between viral and bacterial pharyngitis?
Viral - red/sore/scrathy throat/fever, chills/swolen tonsils
Bacterial - gross white/grey discharge/white coated tongue/ abdo pain
what are some red flags for tonsilitis?
unable to maintain secretions -> sniffing positiong
- hot potoato voice
- pain or inability to swallow
What is otitis media?
Infection of the middle ear
- can be viral or bacterial
What are the S&S of otitis media?
acute onset fever pain hearing change middle ear is fluid filled tympanic membrane is yellow or white in colour and bulging
What is otitis externa
infection of the external ear
- generally bacterial
What is acute mastoiditis
infection of the mastoid seocndary to otitis infection
WHat are the S&S of acute mastoiditis?
sever swelling pain and redness behind ear hearing loss dizziness tinnitis fever headache altered mental state
What is croup?
acute inflammation of the trachea
- viral
what are S&S of croup?
normal URTI (fever, runny nose, cough)
- barking cough
- hoarse voice
- stridor
- use of accessory muscles
What is epiglottis?
inflammation of the epiglottis
what are S&S of epiglotitis?
dysphagia dysphonia drooling distres sudden onset fevers nose sniffing position
What is an abscess?
collection of pus anywhere under the skin
- generally bacterial
what are the red flags for absceses?
Site
- large vessels
- deep space
- face and neck
- perineal and perianal
Immunosuppressed patients
Systemically unwell or septic
What is cellulitis
soft tissue infection from bacteria on the skin
What are S&S of cellulitis?
- red hot swollen
- painful and tender
- weeping
- fevers, chills, nausea
- lymphangitis
- tender lymph nodes proximal to site
What are cellulitis red flags?
- systemically unwell
- immunosuppressed
- Location
- > face/eyes
- > Finger/hands
Symptoms:
- Rapid extension
- Subcutaneous gas
- altered conscious state
- severe pain
Why should finger cellulitis be a red flag?
can go deeper and infect the tendon sheath
What is necrotising facisitis
Rapidly progressing Flesh eating bacteria
What are the types of UTIs?
Kidney - pyeleonephritis
Bladder - cystitis
Urethra - Urethritis
Common cause - bacteria
What is cystitis? and the S&S?
inflammation of the bladder wall
S&S:
- suprapubic and abdo pain
- burning frequency urgency and dysuria
- haematuria
- dark cloudy urine
What is pyeleonephritis? and its S&S
Infection spread towards kidneys from UTI
S&S:
fevers, chills
nausea, vomitting
flank or loin pain
What is mastitis?
Lactational infection
