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PAR3012 - Extended Care > Week 8 > Flashcards

Week 8 Flashcards

1
Q

define an infection

A

invasion and multiplication of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses and parasites that are not normally present on the body.

Can be subclinical - no symptoms
or clinical - symptomatic

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2
Q

what defines a bacterial infection?

A

proliferation of harmful strain of bacteria on or inside the body

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3
Q

What does gram-positive bacteria mean?

A

has a thick cell wall

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4
Q

what does gram-negative bacteria mean?

A

does not have a thick wall

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5
Q

what is a virus?

A

microorganism smaller than bacteria that can’t grow or reproduce apart from a living cell

invades living cell and uses their chemical machinery to replicate

  • can mutate
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6
Q

what are the different categorisations of viruses?

A
  • respiratory
  • GIT
  • Exanthematous
  • Hepatic
  • Cutaneous
  • Hemorrhagic viral diseases
  • Neurologic viral disease
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7
Q

What is a fungal infection?

A

single celled or multicellular organism

Can be true pathogen - cause infection in healthy individual

Can be opportunistic pathogen - causes infection in immunocompromised

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8
Q

What is a parasitic infection? and what are some examples of parasites

A

microorganisms that live off other organisms or hosts to survive

eg Malaria
ringworm, scabies, lice, lyme disease

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9
Q

What parastite causes the bullseye rash?

A

tick bite… associated with lyme disease

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10
Q

Define sepsis

A

life threatening organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated host response to infection

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11
Q

What is the sepsis SOFA criteria?

A

SBP <100
RR>22
GCS <15

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12
Q

What scores in the SOFA scale indicate organ dysfunction

A

2 or more

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13
Q

What is pharyngitis?

A

inflammation of the lining of the throat

either viral or bacterial cause

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14
Q

what would be the S&S differences between viral and bacterial pharyngitis?

A

Viral - red/sore/scrathy throat/fever, chills/swolen tonsils

Bacterial - gross white/grey discharge/white coated tongue/ abdo pain

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15
Q

what are some red flags for tonsilitis?

A

unable to maintain secretions -> sniffing positiong

  • hot potoato voice
  • pain or inability to swallow
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16
Q

What is otitis media?

A

Infection of the middle ear

- can be viral or bacterial

17
Q

What are the S&S of otitis media?

A 
acute onset
fever
pain
hearing change
middle ear is fluid filled
tympanic membrane is yellow or white in colour and bulging
18
Q

What is otitis externa

A

infection of the external ear

- generally bacterial

19
Q

What is acute mastoiditis

A

infection of the mastoid seocndary to otitis infection

20
Q

WHat are the S&S of acute mastoiditis?

A 
sever swelling pain and redness behind ear
hearing loss
dizziness
tinnitis
fever
headache
altered mental state
21
Q

What is croup?

A

acute inflammation of the trachea

  • viral
22
Q

what are S&S of croup?

A

normal URTI (fever, runny nose, cough)

  • barking cough
  • hoarse voice
  • stridor
  • use of accessory muscles
23
Q

What is epiglottis?

A

inflammation of the epiglottis

24
Q

what are S&S of epiglotitis?

A 
dysphagia
dysphonia
drooling
distres
sudden onset
fevers
nose sniffing position
25
Q

What is an abscess?

A

collection of pus anywhere under the skin

- generally bacterial

26
Q

what are the red flags for absceses?

A

Site

  • large vessels
  • deep space
  • face and neck
  • perineal and perianal

Immunosuppressed patients

Systemically unwell or septic

27
Q

What is cellulitis

A

soft tissue infection from bacteria on the skin

28
Q

What are S&S of cellulitis?

A
  • red hot swollen
  • painful and tender
  • weeping
  • fevers, chills, nausea
  • lymphangitis
  • tender lymph nodes proximal to site
29
Q

What are cellulitis red flags?

A
  • systemically unwell
  • immunosuppressed
  • Location
  • > face/eyes
  • > Finger/hands

Symptoms:

  • Rapid extension
  • Subcutaneous gas
  • altered conscious state
  • severe pain
30
Q

Why should finger cellulitis be a red flag?

A

can go deeper and infect the tendon sheath

31
Q

What is necrotising facisitis

A

Rapidly progressing Flesh eating bacteria

32
Q

What are the types of UTIs?

A

Kidney - pyeleonephritis
Bladder - cystitis
Urethra - Urethritis

Common cause - bacteria

33
Q

What is cystitis? and the S&S?

A

inflammation of the bladder wall

S&S:

  • suprapubic and abdo pain
  • burning frequency urgency and dysuria
  • haematuria
  • dark cloudy urine
34
Q

What is pyeleonephritis? and its S&S

A

Infection spread towards kidneys from UTI

S&S:
fevers, chills
nausea, vomitting
flank or loin pain

35
Q

What is mastitis?

A

Lactational infection

PAR3012 - Extended Care (12 decks)

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