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Voice Disorders > Week 9 > Flashcards

Week 9 Flashcards

1
Q

What can you do without a medical diagnosis from an otolaryngologist?

A

-Complete a voice eval

You MUST refer pt for a laryngeal exam before starting therapy

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2
Q

Why would a pt come to an SLP first w/o going to an otolaryngologist? How can you help?

A

Some may be concerned that it is a fatal condition…

Offer to go with them

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3
Q

Etiology of muscle tension dysphonia?

A

Effortful manner of phonation
Idiopathic
Counterproductive compensation

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4
Q

What are the voice symptoms of muscle tension dysphonia?

A 
Extraneous muscle activity in head, neck, and thorax
Excessive or limited breath control
Inappropriate loudness
Pressed phonation
Abrupt initiation of phonation
Roughness
Breathiness
Stridency
Intermittent aphonia
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5
Q

What are the anatomic changes of muscle tension dysphonia?

A

There are none.

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6
Q

What are the anatomic changes of edema?

A

Swelling and stiffening of medial edge of membranous portion of the vocal folds

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7
Q

Etiology of edema?

A

Effortful manner of phonation

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8
Q

What are the voice symptoms of edema?

A

Roughness
Breathiness
Voice and pitch breaks
Reduced pitch and loudness range

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9
Q

What are the anatomic changes of hyperemia/hemorrhage?

A

Collection of blood under the skin

Stiffness of cover

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10
Q

Etiology of hyperemia?

A

Effortful manner of phonation

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11
Q

What are the voice symptoms of hyperemia?

A 
Roughness
Breathiness
Intermittent aphonia
Reduced pitch and loudness range
Pain
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12
Q

What are the anatomic changes of a vocal fold nodule?

A

Benign callous-like, fibrous mass
Primary striking zone
Starts off swollen

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13
Q

Etiology of a vocal fold nodule?

A

Effortful manner of phonation

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14
Q

What are the voice symptoms of a vocal fold nodule?

A 
Roughness
Breathiness
Stridency
Abrupt initiation of phonation
Pressed phonation
Intermittent aphonia
Reduced pitch and loudness rand
Deterioration of voice quality with prolonged speaking
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15
Q

What are the anatomic changes of a polyp?

A

Fluid filled sac on medial egde of the midmembranous portion
Sessile - broad based sac
Pedunculated - a thin stem

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16
Q

Etiology of a polyp?

A

Effortful manner of phonation
May develop into Reinke’s edema
Could be caused by a virus

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17
Q

What are the voice symptoms of a polyp?

A 
Roughness
Breathiness
Intermittent aphonia
Reduced pitch and loudness range
Voice breaks
18
Q

What are the anatomic changes of a VF cyst?

A

fluid or semisolid material in a sac
Increase voval fold stiffness
May protrude vocal fold margin

19
Q

Etiology of cyst?

A

Effortful manner of phonation
Reflux
Upper respiratory infection
Congenital or acquired

20
Q

What are the voice symptoms of a cyst?

A 
Roughness
Breathiness
Vocal fatigue
Intermittent aphonia
Reduced pitch range
21
Q

What are the anatomic changes of Reinke’s edema?

A

Translucent, gelatinous lesion

Length of membranous portion

22
Q

Etiology of Reinke’s edema?

A

Effortful manner of phonation
Smoking
Reflux
Hypothyroidism

23
Q

What are the voice symptoms of Reinke’s edema?

A 
Lowered pitch
roughness
breathiness
stridency
Intermittent aphonia
Reduced pitch range
24
Q

What are the anatomic changes of sulcus vocalis?

A

Unilateral or bilateral furrow

Stiffening

25
Q

Etiology of sulcus vocalis?

A 
Unclear
Congenital
Develop with rupture of cyst
Follows a hemorrhage
Effortful manner of phonation
26
Q

What are the voice symptoms of sulcus vocalis?

A

Roughness
breathiness
Intermittent aphonia
Higher than normal pitch

27
Q

What are the issues associated with changes in the larynx because of neurological disease?

A

VF bowing
Paresis or paralysis
Spasmodic dysphonia

28
Q

What are the changes in physiology in VF bowing?

A

Low tone
Weakness in membranous portion
Muscular atrophy

29
Q

Etiology of bowing?

A

Parkinson’s
Aging
Effortful manner of phonation

30
Q

What are the voice symptoms of bowing?

A 
roughness
breathiness
stridency
intermittent aphonia
monopitch/monoloud
31
Q

What are the changes in physiology in paresis/paralysis?

A

Reduced adduction and abduction of VFs

VF flaccidity

32
Q

Etiology of paresis/paralysis?

A

Damage to recurrent laryngeal nerve
Nerve may regenerate
Viral infection
Stroke

33
Q

What are the voice symptoms of paresis/paralysis?

A 
Roughness
breathiness
intermittent aphonia
reduced pitch and loudness range
shortness of breath
weak, ineffective cough
difficulty protecting the airway
34
Q

What are the two types of spasmodic dysphonia (SD)?

A

Adductor SD

Abductor SD

35
Q

What are the changes in physiology for SD?

A

Involuntary adduction or abduction of VF during speech

36
Q

Etiology of SD?

A

Idiopathic
Trauma
Genetic

37
Q

voice symptoms of SD?

A

Short term variations in severity
Overally severity stabilizes
action induced
Symptoms diminish with sensory tricks

Add

  • strain strangled voice
  • roughness
  • excessive effort

Abd

  • Breathy voice breaks
  • Intermittent aphonia
  • reduced loudness
  • Roughness
  • Breathiness
38
Q

Voice symptoms of laryngeal cancer?

A 
Inhalatory/exhalatory stridor
Shortness of breth
Intermittent aphonia
Roughness
Breathiness
Stridency
Reduced vocal pitch and loudness range
Dysphagia
39
Q

What are the anatomic changes of paradoxial VF motion?

A

Adduction VFs during inhalation

Posterior diamond shaped chunk

40
Q

Etiology of paradoxical VF motion?

A 
Idiopathic
Reflux
exercise
Irritants
Effortul manner of phonation
41
Q

What is paradoxical VF motion typically misdiagnosed as?

A

Asthma

Differential diagnosis

  • Asthma difficulty expiring air
  • PVFM difficulty inspiring
42
Q

Voice symptoms of PVFM?

A 
Dyspnea- shortness of breath
Wheezing on inhalation
Tightness in throat
Cough
Occurs during sport (affects athletes)

Voice Disorders (9 decks)

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