Week 2 Flashcards
How does learning happen?
Facilitation of the understanding of change and how to learn change
What is motor learning theory?
the acquisition, modification, consolidation, and habituation of easy phonation through practice, repetition and rehabilitation
When assessing voice, what are two questions to ask?
Are there motor components done with effort?
Where is the lack of coordination?
When rehab/habilitating voice, what are questions to ask?
Is the effortless manner of phonation mastered?
Is there any wasted effort?
Voice is a _____ act
motor
What are the stages of skill acquisition in the motor learning theory?
Shaping - modifying and reinforcing
Stabilizing - accounting for temporary variability in performance
Reinforcing accuracy - identifying the range of accepted performance
Generalizing in more challenging situations
Example of a closed loop
Learning to write in a well-lit room with vision WNL
Example of a open loop
Learning to write in a dark room
Example of a partial loop
Losing hearing as an adult
What is a schema?
“template” for similar motor movements
What is a generalized motor program?
a motor template that specifies that sequence of actions; preprogrammed
A generalized motor program says that the execution of a movement requires what?
- info about the body’s conditions ( what is the body doing/what is the environment?)
- Motor parameters from past memory traces (experience)
- Feedback (ex. tightness)
- Sensory consequences from the movement (ex. resonance; what does it feel like?)
How do you adjust the cognitive load?
Attention (one stimulus or multiple?) Memory (recent or past?) Type of practice Practice effects Self-regulation Propositionality
What is internal attention?
Focus on the manner of phonation (ex. awareness of the VF vibrations, placement of sound)
Takes a lot of cognitive work; becomes easier with practice
What is external attention?
Focus on the visual aspects (body alignment) or auditory (sound of voice)
