Week 9

Question 1

Earthquake

Answer 1

Vibration of the earth produced by a rapid release of energy

Ground shaking caused by rapid movement of one block slipping past another along fractures called faults

Question 2

Hypocenter (focus)

Answer 2

Zone within the earth where rock placement produces an earthquake

Question 3

Epicenter

Answer 3

Location on the earths surface directly above the focus of an earthquake

Question 4

Elastic rebound

Answer 4

Sudden release of stored strain in rocks that results in movement along a fault

Breaks and returns to original shape

Question 5

Liquefaction

Answer 5

Transformation of a stable soil into a fluid that is often unable to support buildings or other structures

Question 6

Tsunami

Answer 6

Japanese word for seismic air wave

Caused by displacement of crust along a mega thrust fault in a subduction zone that suddenly lifts seafloor

Question 7

Seismic waves

Answer 7

Form of energy that travels through the lithosphere

P waves: fastest, travels by compression and expansion

S waves : side to side shear waves. slower than P. Travels only in solids

Surface waves: seismic waves that travel along the outer layer of earth

Question 8

Intensity

Answer 8

Measure or degree of earthquake shaking at a given scale based on the amount of damage

Question 9

Magnitude

Answer 9

Estimate of the total amount of energy released during an earthquake based on seismic records

Question 10

Modified mercali intensity scale

Answer 10

A 12 point scale developed to evaluate earthquake intensity based on amount of damage to various structures

Question 11

Richter scale

Answer 11

A scale of earthquake magnitude based on the amplitude of the largest seismic wave

Question 12

Moment magnitude

Answer 12

A more precise measure of earthquake magnitude than the Richter scale derived from the amount of displacement that occurs during a fault zone

Question 13

How do strike slip and dip slip faults differ ( normal and reverse)

Answer 13

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Question 14

In what kind of plate tech tonic setting would you find a strike slip/ thrust fault

Answer 14

Transform

Question 15

What is an earthquakes focus

Answer 15

Where the slippage begins

Question 16

What is an earthquakes epicenter

Answer 16

Spot on the surface directly above the focus

Question 17

Why are deep focus earthquakes concentrated in subduction zones

Answer 17

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Question 18

2 kinds seismic body waves: how do they differ

Answer 18

P and S
P is primary S is secondary.

P- slinky/ compress and expand. Change the volume of intervening material
S- rope/ changes shape of material.

Question 19

Is magnitude the same as intensity/ explain

Answer 19

Intensity: amount of ground shaking based on damage.

Magnitude: measure of ground motion and energy

Question 20

3 kinds of earthquake related hazards

Answer 20

Liquefaction 
Landslides
Fire
Tsunami
Ground shaking

Question 21

What an be done to minimize the danger of each hazard

Answer 21

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