Week 2 Flashcards
Hydrosphere
Water portion of our planet
Oceans 96.5%
Freshwater 2.56%
Atmosphere
The big gas bubble that we are in
Biosphere
All life on the planet
Geosphere
Solid portion of the planet
Earths interior
Magnetosphere
Magnetic field that comes from the inside of the earth and comes out
It is a protective layer
Earths processes are driven from ____
Sun and earths interior
Earths layers defined by chemical composition (3)
Crust
Mantle
Core
Layers defined by physical properties (2)
Lithosphere
Asthenosphere
Indirect methods for studying interior of earth
Seismic waves
Analysis of unique rocks
The more ____ the more dense
Iron (more of it closer to the core
Seismic waves
Energy waves produced by earthquakes
Seismic velocities vary by ____
Type of wave
Type of material it’s traveling through stiff (cold) compressible(warm)
Dense/ less
Indirect method: analyzing unique materials such as _____
Mantle rocks
Metiorites
Location wave arrivals
P waves travel through all types of material
S waves only solid
Continental drift
A hypothesis that the continents were mobile
Altered wegener
His idea was founded on strong evidence
Wegeners 4 types of evidence
Fossil
Land bridge
Rock type/ geologic figures
Paleoclimate (coal swamps, ice sheets)
Why were wegeners ideas not accepted
He had proof but didn’t know why.
His shape was off
Maria Tharp/ Henzen
BATHYMETRIC MAPS
Co creator of the first global map of the ocean floor.
Co discoverer of the central Rift Valley through the North Atlantic ridge
What did they use for their bathymetry map to find depth, what else did it help find?
Sonar, also helped to find deep trenches
Seafloor spreading
A hypothesis that crust is created at mid ocean ridges and destroyed at deep ocean trenches
Harry Hess
SEAFLOOR SPREADING
Used sonar
Where are earthquakes deepest
Beneath deep ocean trenches, lots of earthquakes where there are deep ocean trenches
Where is seafloor the hottest
Over mid ocean ridges
What is paleomagnetism
Study of the earths magnetic field in rocks sediment and archeological materials
Why does paleomagnetism work
Complex motions of liquid outer core generate a magnetic field
Nebular theory
The bodies of our solar system evolved from an enormous rotating cloud called the solar nebula
Explain why bouyancy And density were important to development of earths structures
???
Ductile
???
Mafic
???
Ultra mafic
???
Felsic
???
View held by geologists regarding ocean basins and continents
They were in a fixed position and did not move
Lithospheric plates
The lithosphere broken up into segments
3 types of plate boundaries
Divergent
Convergent
Transform
Divergent plate boundaries
2 plates move apart resulting in upwelling and partial melting of hot material from mantle to create new seafloor
Convergent PB
2 plates move together resulting in oceanic lithosphere descending beneath, possible collision of blocks to create a mountain belt
Transform PB
2 plates grind past each other without the production or destruction of lithosphere
Wegeners reasons in video
They fit together like a puzzle
Mountain belts
Rocks/ glaciers, ice sheets were once in the same place
Fossils
