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Geology > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Hydrosphere

A

Water portion of our planet
Oceans 96.5%
Freshwater 2.56%

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2
Q

Atmosphere

A

The big gas bubble that we are in

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3
Q

Biosphere

A

All life on the planet

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4
Q

Geosphere

A

Solid portion of the planet

Earths interior

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5
Q

Magnetosphere

A

Magnetic field that comes from the inside of the earth and comes out
It is a protective layer

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6
Q

Earths processes are driven from ____

A

Sun and earths interior

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7
Q

Earths layers defined by chemical composition (3)

A

Crust
Mantle
Core

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8
Q

Layers defined by physical properties (2)

A

Lithosphere

Asthenosphere

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9
Q

Indirect methods for studying interior of earth

A

Seismic waves

Analysis of unique rocks

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10
Q

The more ____ the more dense

A

Iron (more of it closer to the core

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11
Q

Seismic waves

A

Energy waves produced by earthquakes

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12
Q

Seismic velocities vary by ____

A

Type of wave
Type of material it’s traveling through stiff (cold) compressible(warm)
Dense/ less

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13
Q

Indirect method: analyzing unique materials such as _____

A

Mantle rocks

Metiorites

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14
Q

Location wave arrivals

A

P waves travel through all types of material

S waves only solid

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15
Q

Continental drift

A

A hypothesis that the continents were mobile
Altered wegener
His idea was founded on strong evidence

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16
Q

Wegeners 4 types of evidence

A

Fossil
Land bridge
Rock type/ geologic figures
Paleoclimate (coal swamps, ice sheets)

17
Q

Why were wegeners ideas not accepted

A

He had proof but didn’t know why.

His shape was off

18
Q

Maria Tharp/ Henzen

A

BATHYMETRIC MAPS
Co creator of the first global map of the ocean floor.
Co discoverer of the central Rift Valley through the North Atlantic ridge

19
Q

What did they use for their bathymetry map to find depth, what else did it help find?

A

Sonar, also helped to find deep trenches

20
Q

Seafloor spreading

A

A hypothesis that crust is created at mid ocean ridges and destroyed at deep ocean trenches

21
Q

Harry Hess

A

SEAFLOOR SPREADING

Used sonar

22
Q

Where are earthquakes deepest

A

Beneath deep ocean trenches, lots of earthquakes where there are deep ocean trenches

23
Q

Where is seafloor the hottest

A

Over mid ocean ridges

24
Q

What is paleomagnetism

A

Study of the earths magnetic field in rocks sediment and archeological materials

25
Q

Why does paleomagnetism work

A

Complex motions of liquid outer core generate a magnetic field

26
Q

Nebular theory

A

The bodies of our solar system evolved from an enormous rotating cloud called the solar nebula

27
Q

Explain why bouyancy And density were important to development of earths structures

A

???

28
Q

Ductile

A

???

29
Q

Mafic

A

???

30
Q

Ultra mafic

A

???

31
Q

Felsic

A

???

32
Q

View held by geologists regarding ocean basins and continents

A

They were in a fixed position and did not move

33
Q

Lithospheric plates

A

The lithosphere broken up into segments

34
Q

3 types of plate boundaries

A

Divergent
Convergent
Transform

35
Q

Divergent plate boundaries

A

2 plates move apart resulting in upwelling and partial melting of hot material from mantle to create new seafloor

36
Q

Convergent PB

A

2 plates move together resulting in oceanic lithosphere descending beneath, possible collision of blocks to create a mountain belt

37
Q

Transform PB

A

2 plates grind past each other without the production or destruction of lithosphere

38
Q

Wegeners reasons in video

A

They fit together like a puzzle
Mountain belts
Rocks/ glaciers, ice sheets were once in the same place
Fossils

Geology (12 decks)

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