Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Oral Pathology > Week 9 > Flashcards

Week 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Epithelial tumors in the oral cavity can be derived from

A

1) squamous epithelium
2) salivary gland epithelium
3) odontogenic epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which type of tumors are more common benign or malignant?

A

Benign tumors are more common than malignant tumors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Most epithelial tumors in the oral cavity are endo or exophytic?

A

Most are Exophytic - outwardly growing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the usual consistency of epithelial tumors?

A

Smooth, ulcerated, indurated, papillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Usual color of epithelial tumors

A

Red, white or speckled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

List out benign epithelial tumors

A

Papilloma
Keratoacanthoma
Melanocytic nevi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

List out premalignant epithelial tumors

A

Leukoplakia
Erythroplakia
Actinic Keratosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

List out malignant epithelial tumors

A

Basal cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma: verrucous carcinoma
Malignant melanoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a papilloma?

A

An exophytic papillary lesion, usually less than 1 cm
• May be sessile or pedunculated, white or pink
• Most lesions are solitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where can a papilloma appear?

A

On soft palate, uvula, gingiva, buccal mucosa, tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Causes of papilloma

A

Cause is unclear, HPV causes many papillary growths it’s not always possible to detect viruses in all papillary growths.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Treatment for papilloma

A

Treatment - surgical excision of the base and small area of surrounding normal tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How many subtypes of HPV identified?

A

100 subtypes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How many of the subtypes of HPV infect the oral mucosa?

A

24

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name some HPV subtypes that cause epithelial benign tumors in oral cavity

A

2,4, 6 and 40 cause verruca vulgaris (common wart)

6, 11, 16,18 cause condyloma acuminatum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which HPV subtypes are strongly associated with neoplastic lesions?

A

16,18,31,33,45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which HPV subtypes are found in 66% of cervical and anogenital cancers?

A

16 and 18

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which type of HPVS are usually sexually transmitted?

A

Mucosal HPVs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Treatments for HPV

A

Vaccine Gardasil for HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18 (Quadrivalent) and new Nonavalent adds 31,33,45,52 and 58

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q
A

HPV benign epithelial tumors (warts)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q
A

Condyloma acuminatum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q
A

Condyloma acuminatum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is a keratoacanthoma?

A

Sharply circumscribed benign epithelial tumor with a central keratin plug or keratin-filled crater
- Histologically, considered an endophytic lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Keratoacanthoma develops

A

rapidly over a period of 1-2 months, frequently regresses spontaneously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Keratoacanthoma can grow up to
a maximum size of 2.0 - 2.5 cm
26
Keratoacanthomas occur where?
Occur on sun-exposed skin of the face, lip being a common area
27
Keratoacanthomas are most seen in those over _____years of age
50
28
What is acanthosis?
Increase in thickness of the stratum spinosum layer
29
Keratoacanthoma
30
Keratoacanthoma
31
What is a Melanocytic Nevi?
• A pigmented lesion, may be exophytic, collection of melanocytes • Commonly called a "mole"
32
What is a melanotic macule?
Pigmented lesion caused by increased production of melanin granules • Commonly called a "freckle"
33
Most adults have 20-40 moles, those with >50 are at higher risk for___
skin cancer
34
Both?
Check A, B, C, D, E
35
Melanocytic nevi
36
Melanotic macule
37
What is leukoplakia?
white **plaque** with unknown cause that cannot be wiped off and may have premalignant potential"
38
Leukoplakia may be
Hyperkeratosis, hyperplasia, dysplasia, squamous cell carcinoma
39
What percentage of leukoplakias show dysplasia?
5-25%
40
Treatment for leukoplakia
Attempt to identify cause. If it doesn’t resolve on it own, biopsy. Any dysplasia or high risk areas should be removed
41
What are the high risk areas for oral cell carcinoma?
Side of tongue, floor of mouth, retromolar pads, ventral of tongue, soft palate pillars
42
Leukoplakias in high risk areas
43
What is leukoedema?
A translucent, grayish-white, film involving the buccal mucosa. Called Leukoedema because fluid accumulates within the spinous cell layer of the epithelium
44
Is leukoedema a pre-malignant lesion?
No just a variant from normal
45
Leukoedema is found___
bilaterally, disappears when stretched
46
Leukoedema is found in what type of people?
Found in 85-95% of African-Americans and about 40-45% of whites
47
Treatment for leukoedema
No treatment
48
Leukoedema
49
What is Erythroplakia?
Clinical term to describe lesion that is a smooth, red patch or velvety patch
50
Are Erythroplakias as common as leukoplakias?
Not as common as leukoplakia
51
90% of erythroplakia are___
dysplasia or squamous cell carcinoma
52
Since 90% of Erythroplakias are dysplasia or squamous cell carcinoma what medical procedure should be performed?
Biopsy
53
If the Erythroplakia shows a mixture of red and white this is called
Speckled leukoplakia
54
Erythroplakia
55
Speckled leukoplakia
56
What is Actinic (solar) Cheilitis?
Pre-neoplastic changes seen in the epithelium of the lips in response to prolonged sun exposure. Vermilion border becomes fuzzy often with a puffy, rounded margin. Vermilion zone becomes mottled with red and white patches. Chronic ulcers frequently develop, that eventually stop healing
57
Actinic (solar) cheilitis
58
What is Actinic keratosis?
Most common type of precancerous skin lesion. Appear as scaly, crusty patches
59
Actinic keratosis is commonly found where?
Most common locations are the back of the hands, cheek, forehead, ear, and lower lip
60
Actinic keratosis is caused by
Caused by long-term sun exposure
61
Actinic keratosis
62
Basal Cell Carcinoma
• A malignant tumor of hair-bearing areas of the skin - does not arise on mucous membranes
63
Most common areas of basal cell carcinomas are the
sun-exposed areas of the face and ears
64
Basal cell carcinomas starts as
a papule, enlarges and develops into a crusted ulcer with a rolled border
65
Do basal cell carcinomas metastasize?
Rarely metastasizes but can invade by extension into adjacent tissue
66
Treatment for basal cell carcinomas
surgical removal, electrocautery
67
Basal cell carcinoma cure rate
95%
68
Basal cell carcinoma
69
Most common malignancy in the oral cavity and is 90% of all oral cancers
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
70
Another term for squamous cell carcinomas
Epidermoid carcinoma
71
Squamous cell carcinomas are often the end stage of what?
Often the end stage of alterations seen as solar cheilitis or dysplasia
72
Risk factors for squamous cell carcinomas
age, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, viruses, sun exposure, nutritional deficiencies, chronic irritation
73
List the places in the mouth with a risk of developing squamous cell carcinomas from highest incidence to lowest
74
Early squamous cell carcinoma lesions present as
leukoplakias and erythroplakias
75
Squamous cell carcinomas may present as
a painless ulcer, an exophytic mass, or a papillary growth If infiltrated deep, may appear as a firm, indurated area with loss of tissue mobility
76
Invasion of squamous cell carcinoma into connective tissue allows
neoplastic cells to enter the blood vessels and lymphatic system and metastasize to distant site
77
Prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma
depends on the site and stage
78
Prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma in the lower lip
Lower lip - well differentiated, slow to metastasize - good prognosis - 90%
79
Prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma in the Tongue and other intraoral sites
metastasis occurs early - more aggressive treatment (surgery and radiation) - prognosis for more advanced lesions less than 30%
80
Squamous cell carcinoma
81
What is a Verrucous Carcinoma?
A specific type of squamous cell carcinoma, Exophytic, highly keratinized, warty, well-differentiated, superficial
82
Verrucous carcinomas grow how fast?
Grows slowly
83
How likely are Verrucous carcinomas to metastasize? How does that influence the prognosis?
unlikely to metastasize. Better prognosis
84
In Verrucous carcinomas, Regional lymph nodes are often
tender (inflammatory in nature)
85
Verrucous Carcinoma are typically seen in high percentage what type of people?
Seen in high percentage of tobacco users
86
Treatment for Verrucous Carcinoma
surgical excision or laser therapy
87
If verrucous carcinoma was treated by surgical excision or laser therapy what is the prognosis?
Good prognosis
88
Verrucous carcinoma
89
What is a malignant melanoma?
Neoplasm of melanocytes occurring on skin and mucosa
90
Malignant melanomas on skin develop on____
sun-exposed areas after prolonged exposure to strong sunlight
91
Is the incidence of malignant melanoma decreasing or increasing?
Incidence is increasing
92
Etiology of oral malignant melanoma; it is rare compared to__
Oral melanoma unknown etiology and is rare compared to skin melanoma
93
Oral and skin malignant melanomas appear as
Both appear as dark brown, blue-black or black that first appear as a macule and become papular or nodular later
94
What percentage of malignant melanomas are oral? And what is the median survival time?
Oral = 2-8% but median survival time is 18 months
95
What are the five year survival rates for oral and skin malignant melanomas?
Oral = 5-20%, Skin = 84%
96
Treatment for malignant melanomas
Surgical removal with wide margins (1-3 cm)
97
How do malignant melanomas grow?
Grow in 2 phases: initially neoplastic cells spread laterally in the epithelium then begin a vertical growth phase when they invade the connective tissue
98
Malignant melanomas horizontally growths appears as
an irregular shaped macule which may become larger, become more pigmented, and ulcerate
99
Initial phase of malignant melanomas may last from
several months to years
100
Vertical growths of malignant melanomas account for
15% of lesions
101
Vertical growths of malignant melanoma Could develop with how much horizontal growth first?
little or no horizontal growth first
102
A third type of melanoma arises in a
pre-existing pigmented lesion
103
Prognosis for vertical growths is
poor
104
Malignant melanoma
105
What are metastatic tumors from extraoral origins?
Cancer that originates in other areas of the body can spread (metastasize) to the mouth, forming secondary tumors.
106
What is the most common site for metastatic tumors in the mouth?
The most common site is the mandible.
107
How do metastatic tumors in the mouth appear?
They may resemble the primary tumor.
108
What is the treatment for metastatic tumors in the mouth?
Treatment includes chemotherapy and radiation.
109
What is the prognosis for metastatic tumors from extraoral origins?
The prognosis is poor.

Oral Pathology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions