Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Oral Pathology > Week 5 > Flashcards

Week 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Injury is the result of

A

an alteration in the environment that causes tissue damage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the causes of injury to orofacial tissue?

A

Injury to orofacial tissue may have different causes such as physical injury, chemical injury, infection, nutritional deficiencies, and toxicities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What can orofacial physical injury affect?

A

Physical injury can affect teeth, soft tissue, and bone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What can cause orofacial chemical injury?

A

Chemical injury can occur from the application of caustic substances.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How can microorganisms cause orofacial injury?

A

Microorganisms can cause injury by invading orofacial tissue and causing infections.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do nutritional deficiencies affect orofacial tissue?

A

Nutritional deficiencies can render orofacial tissue more susceptible to injury from other sources.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Can toxicities cause injury to orofacial tissue?

A

Yes, toxic overdoses of some nutrients can also cause tissue damage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does pulp react to injury?

A

Pulp is connective tissue that reacts to injury with an inflammatory response.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does inflammation progress in pulp and periapical disease?

A

Inflammation begins in the pulp and extends into the periapical region.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where does swelling occur in the pulp during inflammation?

A

The anatomy of the tooth does not allow for swelling; the only route swelling can follow is through the canal into the periapical area.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What role do accessory canals play in pulpitis?

A

Accessory canals may lead to inflammation on the lateral portion of the root.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the components of the pulp?

A

Pulp includes pulp horns, coronal pulp, accessory canal, and radicular pulp.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the primary cause of pulpitis?

A

Caries is the primary cause of pulpitis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are other causes of pulpitis other than caries?

A

Other causes include cracks in the crown or root, periodontal pockets, trauma from blows, bruxism, abrasion, erosion, and iatrogenic factors such as heat generation, depth of preparation, pulp exposure, and chemicals from filling materials.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is pulpitis classified?

A

Pulpitis is classified as reversible or irreversible.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is reversible pulpitis?

A

Tooth is asymptomatic unless stimulated. Pain is sharp and intense, often triggered by changes in temperature, lasting 5-10 minutes. Remains asymptomatic until stimulated again.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the histologic changes of reversible pulpitis?

A

mild inflammatory reaction, dilation of blood vessels, edema, stasis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the treatment for reversible pulpitis?

A

Protect pulp from further thermal stimulation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is irreversible pulpitis?

A

Pulpal tissue exhibits acute and chronic inflammatory changes. Pain is usually less intense as granulation tissue replaces pulp during healing and can be spontaneous, lasting more than 20 minutes. Pain may worsen when laying down.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the symptoms of irreversible pulpitis?

A

Pain can be spontaneous, lasts longer than 20 minutes, and may be difficult to identify which tooth is affected. Pain is usually less intense as granulation tissue replaces pulp during healing. Pain may worsen when laying down.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the treatments for irreversible symptomatic pulpitis?

A

Root canal or extraction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is acute pulpitis?

A

Acute pulpitis is usually the result of rapid bacterial invasion via large dentinal tubules, most often in children, with no drainage or as an acute episode in a chronic condition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is chronic pulpitis?

A

Chronic pulpitis is usually the result of a chronic, low-grade irritant. Dentinal tubules deposit reparative dentin acting as a barrier.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is pulpal necrosis?

A

Pulpal necrosis refers to pulp tissue that is no longer living.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What can cause pulpal necrosis?
Pulpal necrosis can result from a sudden trauma that severs the blood supply or from untreated pulpitis, where tissue degenerates due to overwhelming inflammation and is replaced with granulation tissue.
26
Is pulpal necrosis always symptomatic?
Pulpal necrosis is often asymptomatic.
27
What is the first sign of pulpal necrosis?
The first sign of pulpal necrosis may be tooth discoloration.
28
In pulpal necrosis, Pain may occur if?
exudate enters the periodontal ligament (PDL) and presses against the bone, causing the tooth to extrude from the socket.
29
What are common diagnostic techniques for pulpitis and pulp necrosis?
History and nature of pain, reaction to thermal changes (cold or hot), reaction to electrical stimulation (pulp tester), reaction to percussion, radiographic examination.
30
What is a pulp tester used for?
It is used to assess the reaction of the pulp to electrical stimulation.
31
chronic hyperplastic pulpitis is a A rare condition seen in____ resulting from____
children's molars; rampant acute caries.
32
What happens to the crown in chronic hyperplastic pulpitis?
The crown disintegrates before the pulp is overcome by the infection.
33
What allows for ample blood supply in chronic hyperplastic pulpitis?
The apical foramen remains open.
34
In children with chronic hyperplastic pulpitis, when the crown disintegrates and the pulp is overcome with infection what happens?
Children have Increased regenerative capacity which leads to granulation tissue often protruding out of the crown.
35
What is another name for chronic hyperplastic pulpitis?
It is also known as 'Pulp Polyp'.
36
What direction does inflammation spread in periapical lesions?
Inflammation spreads towards the apex.
37
What factors determine the type of lesion that forms in periapical lesions?
The virulence of microorganisms, extent of sclerosis of dentinal tubules, and host immune response.
38
chronic pulpitis, low virulence bacteria, older tooth with sclerotic dentin, healthy patient =
mild, chronic symptoms, healing response stimulated so see granulation tissue, scar tissue, and dense bone
39
Acute pulpitis, virulent bacteria, and a young tooth with open dentinal tubules =
Acute rapid, intense destruction extending into adjacent marrow spaces
40
Common Lesions to follow pulpitis
- Periapical granuloma - Periapical cyst - Periapical abscess - Osteomyelitis - Cellulitis
41
Periapical abscess, granuloma, and cyst evolve into each other depending on
Patients resistence Virulence of the microorganism Severity of infection
42
Clinical symptoms and signs, radiographic signs, microscopic signs and treatment for acute and chronic abscesses, granduloma, and cysts
43
a periapical abscess is An initial lesion that develops when
acute pulpitis extends into adjacent tissue.
44
Can a periapical abscess occur in chronic pulpitis?
Yes, it can also occur as an acute episode in chronic pulpitis.
45
What symptoms are associated with a periapical abscess?
Great pain, may have elevated temperature and malaise.
46
What is the percussion test result for a tooth with a periapical abscess?
The tooth extruded in the socket will produce intense pain on percussion.
47
What physical signs may be present at the root apex of a tooth with a periapical abscess?
May have swelling and redness at the root apex.
48
How does a periapical abscess appear radiographically?
Initially may have no evidence, progresses to slight widening of PDL to indistinct fuzziness of the trabecular pattern.
49
How does pus behave in a periapical abscess?
Pus seeks drainage along the path of least resistance.
50
What is the initial treatment for a periapical abscess?
Initially, incise and drain, possibly with antibiotics.
51
What are the possible subsequent treatments for a periapical abscess?
Either extraction or root canal.
52
Abscess, granuloma or cyst?
Abscess
53
What is a Periapical Granuloma?
A lesion that occurs as chronic pulpitis progresses into the periapical region.
54
What is the most common lesion after pulp necrosis?
Periapical Granuloma.
55
What initial response may a Periapical Granuloma exhibit when pulp tested?
It may exhibit some evidence of vitality when pulp tested and have a slight response to percussion test.
56
How does the PDL space appear radiographically in a Periapical Granuloma?
The PDL space will appear widened.
57
Initially a periapical granuloma may exhibit some signs when pulp tested and may response to percussion test but as a Periapical Granuloma progresses what happens when it is pulp tested?
It becomes painless with no response to pulp testing.
58
What does the pulp consist of in a Periapical Granuloma?
Granulation and dense fibrous tissue.
59
What is the radiographic appearance of a long-standing Periapical Granuloma?
A well-demarcated, oval or rounded radiolucency at the apex, with possible hypercementosis and resorption of the root tip.
60
What are the treatment options for a Periapical Granuloma?
Root canal, apicoectomy, or extraction.
61
What is a periapical cyst?
A common development in a long-standing, untreated periapical granuloma.
62
What stimulates the epithelial rests of Malassez in a periapical cyst?
Low-grade inflammation.
63
What does a periapical cyst look like?
A well-defined epithelial-lined cavity filled with fluid or semi-solid material.
64
What can happen if a periapical cyst develops continuously?
It can destroy a large portion of the alveolar bone.
65
How does a periapical cyst appear radiographically?
As a well circumscribed unilocular radiolucency.
66
What is the treatment for a periapical cyst?
Surgical removal, which should be microscopically examined to ensure it's not one of the more aggressive lesions.
67
What is osteomyelitis?
An inflammatory process within trabecular bone.
68
What is the most common cause of osteomyelitis?
Direct extension of an untreated periapical abscess.
69
Can radiation therapy cause osteomyelitis?
Yes, it can compromise blood supply.
70
What are the two types of osteomyelitis?
Acute and chronic.
71
What are the symptoms of acute osteomyelitis?
Severe pain, often elevated temperature, and lymphadenopathy.
72
What happens to symptoms after drainage in acute osteomyelitis?
Symptoms are reduced.
73
What are the radiographic features of acute osteomyelitis?
No immediate features as exudate progresses through marrow spaces.
74
What are the radiographic features of acute osteomyelitis as it progresses?
Radiolucency with Areas of intact bone.
75
What is a sequestrum?
'Islands of dead bone' surrounded by purulent exudate.
76
What is the treatment for acute osteomyelitis?
Drainage and antibiotics.
77
Chronic Osteomyelitis Occurs in response to
a low-grade inflammatory process.
78
What are the symptoms of Chronic Osteomyelitis?
Little or no pain.
79
How do osteocytes respond in Chronic Osteomyelitis?
Osteocytes often stimulated, causing trabecular bone to become denser.
80
How does Chronic Osteomyelitis appear radiographically?
Will appear as a **mottled, radiopaque area** - referred to as osteosclerosis or Sclerosing Osteomyelitis.
81
What is Garre Osteomyelitis?
Occurs in children as a hyperplastic reaction to chronic osteomyelitis.
82
What happens to the periosteum in Garre Osteomyelitis?
Periosteum is stimulated, laying down layers of new bone.
83
What is the treatment for Sclerosing Osteomyelitis?
None, dense bone remains.
84
What happens to Garre Osteomyelitis after the source is eliminated?
Reverts to normal after source eliminated.
85
What is cellulitis?
Painful swelling of the tissue of the head and face resulting from the spread of purulent exudate along fascial planes.
86
cellulitis Most commonly occurs as the result of
extension of a periapical abscess into soft tissue.
87
What does exudate seek?
Exudate seeks a path to drain.
88
What is the site of draining tract called?
The site of draining tract is termed a PARULIS or FISTULA.
89
How does bacteria cause cellulitis?
Enzymes from bacteria break down fascia surrounding **muscle bundles**, allowing exudate to spread throughout.
90
What symptoms do patients exhibit with cellulitis?
Patients exhibit extensive swelling of the area, pain, elevated temperature, malaise, and lymphadenopathy.
91
What can maxilla involvement of cellulitis lead to?
Maxilla involvement can spread to the eye and brain.
92
What can mandible involvement of cellulitis lead to?
Mandible involvement can spread into the floor of the mouth, neck, and result in suffocation, termed Ludwig angina.
93
What are pulp stones?
Pulp stones are often seen in chronic pulpitis, appear as radiopaque round masses either free or attached in the pulp, and resemble secondary dentin. They cause no pain and have no clinical significance. No treatment is necessary.
94
What is external resorption? What does it often results from?
External resorption is the loss of tooth structure that begins on the outside, often resulting from pressure from tumors, cysts, excessive occlusal or mechanical forces, or impaction. It can appear as a ragged outline or blunted apex.
95
Internal Resorption begins
within the pulp.
96
What happens to the dentin during Internal Resorption?
Dentin resorbs and is thinner than normal.
97
What changes in soft tissue can be seen in internal resorption?
Inflamed connective tissue can be seen through.
98
What color does the tooth appear in Internal Resorption?
The tooth appears pink.
99
How does the pulp chamber appear radiographically in Internal Resorption?
Radiographically, the pulp chamber has enlarged.
100
Are root fractures symptomatic or asymptomatic?
Patient may or may not be symptomatic
101
What are the three clinical signs of root fractures?
1. J-shaped radiolucency around the fractured root 2. Visual fracture line for large fractures 3. Severely deep probing depth
102
What is a risk factor for root fractures for teeth that have had endo treatment?
Tooth becomes brittle following root canal, making it more prone to fracture
103
Complication of root fractures
Lateral periodontal abscesses can occur as a complication of root fractures.
104
What is pericoronitis?
Inflammation of the mucosa around a partially erupted tooth (mandibular 3rd molar most common). ## Footnote Tissue flap termed 'operculum'.
105
What are the treatments for pericoronitis?
Treatment includes irrigation, antibiotics, and extraction or trimming the operculum.
106
What is alveolar osteitis commonly called?
Commonly called a 'Dry Socket'.
107
What is alveolar osteitis?
A post-operative complication of a tooth extraction where the clot is lost before healing has occurred.
108
What are the symptoms of alveolar osteitis?
Raw, denuded bone exposed, very painful, bad odor and taste, no fever or swelling (not an infection).
109
What is the treatment for alveolar osteitis?
Treatment includes pain relievers, gentle irrigation of the socket, and medicated dressing.

Oral Pathology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions