week 9 Flashcards
low to no variability of the f0 in the voice sounds…
monotone
what is prosody
rhythm
what does measuring variability do?
quantifies severity, and tracks progress in treatment
as the F0 goes up and down so does the ……
pitch
high variability sounds _______ and low variability sounds_______
erratic and monotone
F0 variability, can also give us (SD)
standard deviation
comparing SD in Hz would be easy if the mean were the same for all users, if the mean is not the same… what do we do?
convert to semitones and then compare
semitone is always ____ of an octave
1/12
to measure STSD in the sample the language can be discontinuous, true or false
false, must be continous and of natural effort
standard DV is hard or easy to compare across males and females?
hard
what is STSD
semitone standard deviation
why does a mans F0 rise as he gets older
due to vocal fold atrophy, less muscular tissue present
professional singers voice declines over age more than others due to over usage true or false
false, they actually decline at a slower pace
most laryngeal disorders do not substanially affect F0 what is an exception
vocal fold edema, fluid build up, more mass on vocal folds = lower pitch
hoarseness of a voice may lead to the perception of a pitch change. why?
because the voice sounds lower when its rough.
alaryngeal speech what is it.
when some cancer patients, or patients lose their larnyx, the esophogeal sphincter (valve at the top of the esophagus that is usually closed) vibrates for the larnyx. Pretty much speaking in the same place that we burp
what is an laryngectomy
removal of larynx, preformed by ENT surgeon.
F0 can be high or low when using alaryngeal speech
low, due to how large the structures are around the esophageal sphincter. they are larger taking more energy to oscilate..
the mean F0 and the STSD in speech show what
the average, or what the voice typically does
the F0 range can show what
the voice can do, max performance, ask the person to phonate /a/ in modal register, (avoiding fry) and in the falsetto. or loft register
the ability to alter our pitch to representative of what?
vocal health and neuro motor abilities
how to practice effects affect our F0 range?
repeated attempted can widen or increase our range,
how does a glissando help during a vocal range assessment
a glissando upward and downward may help see full range and lessen the risk of vocal damage.
IN REGARDS TO THE SOURCE-FILTER MODEL, the larnyx serves as the
source
IN REGARDS TO THE SOURCE-FILTER MODEL the filter is the
vocal tract
the filter selects certain vibrations why?
certain frequencies viberate the best at certain points, and resonates them
the source and filter are independent but interact with each other, true or false
true
how can we vary the source of vocality’s
Loudness, Pitch, Voice quality, and phonation versus whispiering,
How does air pressure change on our vocal folds when we are shouting versus talking
When we are shouting there is a higher air pressure, and it forces the vocal folds to vibrate larger. When we stretch the vocal folds they increase the frequency of how they will vibrate
What is the fundamental frequency in regards to vocal fold oscillation
the rate at which they oscillate
when the F0 goes up the harmonics ______
go up and spread,
Harmonics are integer_____ of _________
Multiples; fundamental
what is a harmonic series
fundamental plus the harmonic components
harmonics plus fundamental
harmonics spread
men average at what Hz? what about for women?
100-120hz and 200Hz- 240Hz
Harmonic spectral slope
as the F0 gets higher, the harmonics became less and less present, forming a negative relationship between the two. this presents how frequency decreases over time
the higher the F0 = greater spread between _________
harmonics
As the F0 rises and falls, so does the
the space between harmonics
The vocal tract filter, does not just bring attention or remove sounds, but
also resonates them
what is constructive interference
waves that are in phase with one another, adding up to create a larger wave, or sum of waves
what is deconstructive interference
when waves that are 180 Degrees out of phase with one another, silencing or cancelling each other out
What does attenuation mean in regards to the vocal tract filter
it means that it brings attention to specific freqnecies of the wave, or resonate, changing the sound
tubes do not create sounds but rather they
resonate them, or their dimensions allow for stronger resonance at specific frequencies
resonance fo a tube depends on
the tubes length, shape and dimensions
max resonance for waves with a length _____
4 times that of the tube
Short tubes best resonate what sound? what about Long tubes?
short = higher freq
long = lower freq
how does a tube affect a sound? what aspects or physical properties affect sound
the constriction locations on the tube, and how severe the constrictions are. changes what frequencies it allows depending on the size
contrictions formed from articulation are what
constrictions being bringing the tounge to the opposing structure, and changing the size of the vocal tract, and changing the size of the oral cavity or pharnyx
the vocal tract can be thought of as a tube changing shapes, true or false?
true, it allows certain frequencies to be boosted, or damped.
The output our vocal tract creates is different from the input it recieved from the from the larynx,
in put can look like a saw tooth wave, is changed by our filters and pharnyx.
when moving from the filter (mouth tounge, teeth) to the pharnyx, then to the larnyx, it becomes in what pattern wide and narrow?
wide in the mouth area, narrow in the pharnyx area, and larger in the larnyx area
