week 9 Flashcards by Norina Cobb

low to no variability of the f0 in the voice sounds…

monotone

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what is prosody

rhythm

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what does measuring variability do?

quantifies severity, and tracks progress in treatment

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as the F0 goes up and down so does the ……

pitch

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high variability sounds _______ and low variability sounds_______

erratic and monotone

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F0 variability, can also give us (SD)

standard deviation

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comparing SD in Hz would be easy if the mean were the same for all users, if the mean is not the same… what do we do?

convert to semitones and then compare

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semitone is always ____ of an octave

1/12

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to measure STSD in the sample the language can be discontinuous, true or false

false, must be continous and of natural effort

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standard DV is hard or easy to compare across males and females?

hard

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what is STSD

semitone standard deviation

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why does a mans F0 rise as he gets older

due to vocal fold atrophy, less muscular tissue present

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professional singers voice declines over age more than others due to over usage true or false

false, they actually decline at a slower pace

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most laryngeal disorders do not substanially affect F0 what is an exception

vocal fold edema, fluid build up, more mass on vocal folds = lower pitch

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hoarseness of a voice may lead to the perception of a pitch change. why?

because the voice sounds lower when its rough.

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alaryngeal speech what is it.

when some cancer patients, or patients lose their larnyx, the esophogeal sphincter (valve at the top of the esophagus that is usually closed) vibrates for the larnyx. Pretty much speaking in the same place that we burp

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what is an laryngectomy

removal of larynx, preformed by ENT surgeon.

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F0 can be high or low when using alaryngeal speech

low, due to how large the structures are around the esophageal sphincter. they are larger taking more energy to oscilate..

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the mean F0 and the STSD in speech show what

the average, or what the voice typically does

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the F0 range can show what

the voice can do, max performance, ask the person to phonate /a/ in modal register, (avoiding fry) and in the falsetto. or loft register

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the ability to alter our pitch to representative of what?

vocal health and neuro motor abilities

how to practice effects affect our F0 range?

repeated attempted can widen or increase our range,

how does a glissando help during a vocal range assessment

a glissando upward and downward may help see full range and lessen the risk of vocal damage.

IN REGARDS TO THE SOURCE-FILTER MODEL, the larnyx serves as the

source

IN REGARDS TO THE SOURCE-FILTER MODEL the filter is the

vocal tract

the filter selects certain vibrations why?

certain frequencies viberate the best at certain points, and resonates them

the source and filter are independent but interact with each other, true or false

true

how can we vary the source of vocality's

Loudness, Pitch, Voice quality, and phonation versus whispiering,

How does air pressure change on our vocal folds when we are shouting versus talking

When we are shouting there is a higher air pressure, and it forces the vocal folds to vibrate larger. When we stretch the vocal folds they increase the frequency of how they will vibrate

What is the fundamental frequency in regards to vocal fold oscillation

the rate at which they oscillate

when the F0 goes up the harmonics ______

go up and spread,

Harmonics are integer_____ of _________

Multiples; fundamental

what is a harmonic series

fundamental plus the harmonic components

harmonics plus fundamental

harmonics spread

men average at what Hz? what about for women?

100-120hz and 200Hz- 240Hz

Harmonic spectral slope

as the F0 gets higher, the harmonics became less and less present, forming a negative relationship between the two. this presents how frequency decreases over time

the higher the F0 = greater spread between _________

harmonics

As the F0 rises and falls, so does the

the space between harmonics

The vocal tract filter, does not just bring attention or remove sounds, but

also resonates them

what is constructive interference

waves that are in phase with one another, adding up to create a larger wave, or sum of waves

what is deconstructive interference

when waves that are 180 Degrees out of phase with one another, silencing or cancelling each other out

What does attenuation mean in regards to the vocal tract filter

it means that it brings attention to specific freqnecies of the wave, or resonate, changing the sound

tubes do not create sounds but rather they

resonate them, or their dimensions allow for stronger resonance at specific frequencies

resonance fo a tube depends on

the tubes length, shape and dimensions

max resonance for waves with a length _____

4 times that of the tube

Short tubes best resonate what sound? what about Long tubes?

short = higher freq long = lower freq

how does a tube affect a sound? what aspects or physical properties affect sound

the constriction locations on the tube, and how severe the constrictions are. changes what frequencies it allows depending on the size

contrictions formed from articulation are what

constrictions being bringing the tounge to the opposing structure, and changing the size of the vocal tract, and changing the size of the oral cavity or pharnyx

the vocal tract can be thought of as a tube changing shapes, true or false?

true, it allows certain frequencies to be boosted, or damped.

The output our vocal tract creates is different from the input it recieved from the from the larynx,

in put can look like a saw tooth wave, is changed by our filters and pharnyx.

when moving from the filter (mouth tounge, teeth) to the pharnyx, then to the larnyx, it becomes in what pattern wide and narrow?

wide in the mouth area, narrow in the pharnyx area, and larger in the larnyx area