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acoustics unit 2 exam > week 6 > Flashcards

week 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Good data is produced how

A

quiet environment, microphone, no clipping (bringing signal in at too high of a level) and a proper sampling rate

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2
Q

sound is dependent on what type of molecule

A

air, sound is the product of air molecule movement

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3
Q

acoustic analysis

A

non invasive, looking at the waves our sound produces, analyze what manners of articulation produced the sound, from a microphone

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4
Q

a disordered voice is caused by a change in ________

A

source, the larnyx, and vocal folds

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5
Q

a disordered articulation is caused by a change in _______

A

filters, our tounge, pallates (hard and soft), teeth etc

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6
Q

what it motor equivalence of speech

A

some vocal sounds, can be produced by different articulatory movements, and acoustic analysis cannot see that

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7
Q

what is a limitation of acoustic analysis?

A

motor equivalency of speech, it cannot capture everything. we cant see how their articulators moved from a voice recording.

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8
Q

what is a filter in regards to recording waves

A

selects specific frequencies within a complex wave for further subsequent analysis, looks at all the frequencies like a prisim, ingredients

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9
Q

high pass filter does what to an acoustic recording

A

allows high frequencies through and blocks out lower frequencies or holds them back

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10
Q

low pass filter does what to an acoustic recording

A

allows low frequencies through and blocks out higher frequencies or holds them back

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11
Q

band pass filter does what to an acoustic recording

A

allows a specific set range of frequencies through, and can hold back higher or lower frequencies

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12
Q

band reject filter does what to an acoustic recording

A

holds back or blocks out a specific set range of frequencies, and can allow both higher or lower frequencies to go through

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13
Q

what is a fourier theorem

A

all periodic sounds are made up of a combination of sine waves

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14
Q

how do we changing domains? apply a ______ ________

A

fourier transform , creates a spectrum of all the different parts of a wave from a microphone signal a time display, or time domain waveform (y is amplitude, x is time). analyzes to create a spectra of all the individual components. takes a time domain display and transforms it into a frequency domain display (y amplitude , x is frequency)

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15
Q

time domain display

A

a microphone recording

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16
Q

frequency domain display

A

a spectrum, a slice in time or, snapshot in time of the frequency of a wave

17
Q

harmonics are exact multiples of the _______

A

fundamental

18
Q

sound source comes from our____

A

larnyx (voice box) , vocal folds,

19
Q

the human voice is nearly ________

A

periodic, almost repeats in cycles perfectly. Contains normally small amounts of perturbation, without perturbation (shimmer and jitter) our voices would sound artificial. has harmonics and a fundamental

20
Q

spectra represents what

A

frequency components that are present within a sound

21
Q

sine wave will have how many lines in a spectra display?

A

one

22
Q

complex periodic signals have multiple lines in a spectra display, true or false?

A

true

23
Q

spectral envelope does noise look like in a spectral display

A

all different frequencies, with different phase relationships to one another, with approximately equal amplitude. vertical lines very close set together.

24
Q

spectra envelope

A

space not filled in under neath spectral peaks, takes away vertical lines that represent individual sine waves.

25
Q

what is a (FFT) Fast Fourier transform ?

A

shows the range of harmonics available in a complex sound, there is a peak for each one of those harmonics. Not good at showing formants/filters, but better at showing the source of a voice/sound

26
Q

what are formants?

A

the vocal tract filter, our teeth, tounge, hard or soft pallate

27
Q

what is a (LPC) linear predictive coding spectrum?

A

spectral envelope, doesnt show the harmonics doesnt show the filled in bottom, good at revealing what our vocal tract/filters/formants, not good at the source. its good at revealing what our filters do with the source/our larynx gives to us.

28
Q

where are the larynx and vocal tract located in relativity to their productive positions

A

The larynx, or the voice box is located below the vocal tract, the vocal tract extends from the point where it meets the larynx, to the jaw and mouth and lips

29
Q

peaks in a display, represent

A

formants, vocal tract, and the energy they display

30
Q

vocal tract transfer function???????

A

The vocal tract transfer function predicts the resonance patterns of the vocal tract for a specific articulation. represents how we moved vocal tract to produce sound

31
Q

what is a spectrogram

A

our speech lined up over time, single slices together. shows 3 parameters of language, the darker spots being intensity, the y axis being frequency and the x axis being time. a cross breed between time domain and frequency display. shows how the strength (freqency) and intensity changes over time

32
Q

turn spectral slices 90 degree to the left to create what

A

a frequency domain

33
Q

what is a nyquist frequency?

A

half the sampling rate

34
Q

Nyquist theory states

A

to produce an analog signal without aliasing error, the sample rate must be twice the signals highest frequency component.

35
Q

Aliasing is

A

the distortion that occurs when high-frequency information is incorrectly identified as low frequency usually due to incorrect sampling rates in analyzing of sound waves. to prevent… anti-aliasing filter is used before the sampling process to remove frequencies above the Nyquist frequency

36
Q

wide band spectrogram is what in regards to its parameters

A

temporal or time detail is clear, but frequency is poor. shows glottal pluses as vertical striations. y axis is frequency, and x axis is time. each grey line represents one kilo hrtz. Darker spots represent more immense amounts of energy displaced over time within the glottal pulses produced.

37
Q

narrow band spectrogram is what in regards to its paramters

A

clear frequency data but very poor time resolution. horizontal bands are harmonics. no more glottal pulses, but harmonics.

38
Q

why are there trade offs in regards to band width displays?

A

analysis is a string of numbers, and the more information we need analyzed the more information we need to input.

39
Q

what do darker areas mean on a spectrogram?

A

larger places of energy

acoustics unit 2 exam (5 decks)

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