week 7

Question 1

what do max performance test tell us about our vocal abilities?

Answer 1

max frequency range of phonation span from highest to lowest frequency possible

Question 2

Fancy F and little 0 is , NOT F0

Answer 2

the rate at which we speak

Question 3

at what frequency do mens and womens voice average at?

Answer 3

men 80-150hz women 150-250hz

Question 4

what is perturbation

Answer 4

variability or irregularity from one wave cycle to the next, in ether frequency or amplitude

Question 5

short term change or perturbation in rate, or frequency is

Answer 5

jitter

Question 6

short term variability in amplitude

Answer 6

shimmer

Question 7

jitter and shimmer are measured

Answer 7

with a steady phonation of a vowel.

Question 8

Dysphonia is what and why?

Answer 8

flat, due to neural connections to the larnyx.

Question 9

voice disorders root from what? and what does therapy aim to do?

Answer 9

dysfunctional vocal fold activity, therapy aims to improve.

Question 10

laryngeal mirror exam

Answer 10

mirror looking directly down larnyx

Question 11

rigid scope exam

Answer 11

through the mouth to look at the larnyx

Question 12

flexible scope exam

Answer 12

through the nose to look at the larnyx

Question 13

how do we look at the vocal folds, or the larnyx, when they look so fast?

Answer 13

high speed film, slows it down

Question 14

Stroboscopy what is it? and what are the three ways we can do this.

Answer 14

a procedure that uses a strobe light to visualize the vibration of vocal folds during speech, laryngeal mirror exam, rigid scope exam and flexible scope exam

Question 15

how does a stroboscopy work?

Answer 15

light flashes on vocal folds, catching specific parts of a cycle. or creates a still animation with different parts of a cycle all together

Question 16

what is crucial to a good stroboscopy

Answer 16

timing

Question 17

what are the two different types of timing procedures in a stroboscopy

Answer 17

frozen image (takes a snapshot at the same point in each cycle) slow motion ( pictures of the point right before and after)

Question 18

how do we know when to take the snapshots during stroboscopy? what tool can we use?

Answer 18

using a throat microphone, we can detect the fundamental frequency of the larnyx. Predicts where the vocal folds will be

Question 19

what are limitations to a stroboscopy?

Answer 19

voice has to be steady, dysphonic voices may not work. if the voice is too erratic, then the flashes cant synchronize.

Question 20

what is an electroglottalgraph?

Answer 20

electrodes placed on the larnyx, either side. current is passed through. the movments of the glottal folds are present on a graph. Energy will be higher when folds are adducted in comparison to when folds are abducted, brought apart.

Question 21

which type of person is easiest to do a Electroglottal graph on

Answer 21

tall skinny male, with little tissue on the neck.

Question 22

EEG are revealing of source, the glottal pulses but not what?

Answer 22

the harmonics, formant energy, or vocal fold transfer functions. An EEG wave form represents exactly what the larynyx is doing

Question 23

the human voice is nearly _______

Answer 23

periodic

Question 24

when looking at a spectral slice, the space in between each vertical line, or the spread of white, resembles what in regards to harmonics

Answer 24

“noise” not harmonic components

Question 25

jitter and shimmer cannot co occur, true or false

Answer 25

false, one does not usually show itself without the other

Question 26

what causes perturbation? in regards to neurologic factors and airflow

Answer 26

in regards to neurological factors, muscle contraction is inherently unsmooth. motor neurons take turns firing and and it does not create an even smooth voice, when motor neurons fire statically or at the same time, it creates a smoother sound

In regards to respiratory, air flow can be turbulent, and also if the mass or size of one vocal fold differs from another due to polyps, vocal fold swelling etc, can create tension abnormalities.