Week 9 Flashcards
Why is food relevant to mental wellbeing
- The Brain is the hungriest organ
- 4-6
- accounts 2% of body weight it requires 20-40% of glucose and nutrients that comes from for food
- litres of blood - 1litre perfuses our brain every minute carrying nutrients and oxygen
Shift in food choices
- whole foods is
- moderate decrease
- increase consumption
- increase in calories
- decreasing
- in processed foods
- UPF
- decrease in nutrients
Stats on food consumption
- % of caloric intake of Canadians was ultra-processed
- % of American adult food intake
- % of caloric intake of Young People
- IN UK get % of calories from UPF, avg is %
- % of caloric intake of Australians
- UPFs contributed %, % and % of energy intakes to diets of NZ infants at 12, 24 and 60 months
- %of packaged foods in New Zealand supermarkets considered ultra-processed 2019
- 48
- 57
- 68
- 1/5, 80, 55
- 42
- 45, 42, 51
-69
Dietary Change in the last 100 years
- Increase in
- animals fats to
- omega-3 to
- new molecules
- designed to
- sugar and refined carbs
- vegetable fats
- omega-6
- food dyes, stabilizers, preservatives, trans fats, emulsifiers thickeners etc.
- replace real food
The local context of Kai
- Maori gardens prolific
- colonization substantially dislocated
- colonial diets emphasized
- currently, we ingest a diet
- when settlers arrived
- Indigenous diets
- white flour, sugar, and fats
- that are not drawn directly from nature - but foods grown for profit
The Green Revolution (1960s)
- refers to a large increase in
- results in
- plowing and tilling results in the collapse of soil structure
- side effects
- crop rotation replaced with
- soil becomes dirt
- synthetic nitrogen over time
- crop production by using modern agricultural techniques
- intensive farming
- more prone to floods, fire & drought
- loss of biodiversity, erosion, chemical runoff, cultural food knowledge of Indigenous peoples, displacement of genetic diversity
- monocultures of rice & wheat
- loss of soil’s microbes
- depletes soil organic matter
What’s the problem with UPFs? (Lane et al. 2024)
- alterations in the
- potential contaminants from
- the presence of food (research)
- nutrient-poor
- increased
- food matrices and textures
- packaging material and processing
- additives and other industrial ingredients - poor health outcomes
- profile
- energy-intake
Sugar Consumption in NZ
- WHO recommends sugar should be no more
- for average about – teaspoons - or 25g
- NZr’s on avg consume of sugar per year
- 5% of calory intake
- 6
- 54kg
Sugar Addiction Cycle
- you eat sugar
- blood sugar spike
- blood sugar levels fall rapidly
- hunger and cravings
Do artificial sweeteners affect mental health? (Hu et al. 2019)
- associated with modest but significant
- diet coke
- A 2017 review showed aspartame increased substances in the brain
- increase
- increase in levels of depression
- particularly damaging
- that inhibit synthesis and release of dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin
- anxiety level
What do Emulsifers do to the body?
harmful to microbiome, bacterial diversity, and mucus lining – now shown to be contributing to inflammatory bowel disease
Why is Juice a Problem?
- changes food
- causes insulin
- matrix
- to rise quickly and higher
what are micronutrients?
- vitamins and minerals required in small amounts
- essential for the production of enzymes hormones and neurotransmitters
Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Subjective Well-Being in a Sample of Portuguese Adults (Andrade et al., 2020)
- profiles - low, medium, and high adherence
- high adherence to the Mediterranean Diet associated
- to diets
- with better subjective wellbeing
Raw, frozen, canned or cooked? (Brookie et al. 2018)
- lower depression with raw veggies but not with processed
