week 9 Flashcards
Who were Sigmund Freud’s mentors and how did they influence his work?
Freud’s mentors included Ernst Brücke, a physiologist who influenced Freud’s initial focus on neurological disorders, and Theodor Meynert, a brain anatomist and psychiatrist who played a role in Freud’s use of hypnosis.
What is the significance of the case of Anna O. in the development of psychoanalytic theory?
The case of Anna O., treated by Freud between 1880 and 1882, was significant in highlighting hysteria, which was characterized by symptoms like paralysis or lack of sensation in body parts. This case helped in the development of free association as a therapeutic technique.
Describe Freud’s concept of the unconscious.
Freud’s concept of the unconscious is part of his broader theory of the mind, known as metapsychology. He distinguished between primary processes (unconscious, pleasure-driven) and secondary processes (conscious, reality-oriented), comparing the mind to an iceberg with a larger hidden part (unconscious) and a smaller visible part (conscious).
Discuss the critiques and evolution of psychoanalysis.
Psychoanalysis, developed by Freud, faced significant criticism for its focus on libido and the difficulty in experimentally testing its concepts. Critics like Carl Jung and Gail Hornstein offered various critiques, yet Freud’s influence remained significant in psychology.
What were Karen Horney’s contributions to psychoanalysis?
Karen Horney, a medical doctor and psychoanalyst, critiqued Freud’s views on women, introducing concepts like womb envy and highlighting the unconscious inferiority among men. She emphasized social factors over sexuality in personality development and made pioneering contributions to feminine psychology.
What therapeutic technique did Freud refine, and what is its significance in psychoanalysis?
Freud refined the technique of free association, where patients are encouraged to verbalize thoughts without censorship. This technique is significant in psychoanalysis as it helps in uncovering the unconscious thoughts and desires of the patient.
Explain Freud’s iceberg analogy for the mind.
Freud’s iceberg analogy for the mind illustrates that the conscious mind is like the small, visible part of an iceberg above water, while the vast unconscious mind is like the much larger part submerged underwater. This analogy emphasizes the extensive influence of the unconscious on behavior and thought.
How did Carl Jung’s and Gail Hornstein’s critiques differ in their approach to psychoanalysis?
Carl Jung’s critique focused on the overemphasis of libido in Freud’s theory, leading him to develop his own analytical psychology. Gail Hornstein, meanwhile, critiqued the experimental testing and empirical basis of psychoanalytic concepts.
What did Karen Horney argue against in Freud’s conception of women?
Karen Horney argued against Freud’s conception of women, particularly his theories on female sexuality and development. She challenged the traditional views on women’s psychology and emphasized the role of social and cultural factors over biological ones.
How did Freud’s early work in neurological disorders and hypnosis contribute to his development of psychoanalysis?
Freud’s early work in neurological disorders and hypnosis contributed to his interest in the unconscious mind and the development of psychoanalytic techniques. His experience with neurological patients and use of hypnosis laid the groundwork for his later theories on the unconscious and psychotherapy methods
